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A 



ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE 

GETTYSBURG 

NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 

COMMISSION 

TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR 



1893-1904 



^ 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1905 



t-^^S 



15 DEC 1905 
D. of D, 



SECRETARIES OF WAR 

II..X. DANIEL S. LAMONT 
Hon. RUSSP^-LL A. ALCJER 
Hon. ELIHTT ROOT 
Hon. WH.LIAM H. TAFT 



Hon. Robert Shaw Oliveh 

Assistant Serrrtdr.n of Wki 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION 

Lieut. Col. John P. Nicholson, (Imii-nuni. 

Appointed May 25, 1893. 
Major William M. Robbins. 

Appointed Maroh 13, 1894. 
Major CfiARLES A. Richardson. 

Appointed April 25, 1895. 
John B. Bachelder, Esq. 

Appointed May 25, 1893. 

Died December 22, 1894. 
Brig. (ten. W. H. Forney. 

Appointed May 25, 1893. 

Died January 16, 1894. 
Bvt. Lieut. Col. E. B. Cope, Engineer. 
Mr. S. Augustine Hammond, Assistant Engineer. 
Mr. H. W. Mattern, Assi.'<tant Engineer and Draftsman. 

Resigned, October 1, 1903. 



ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1893 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITAIJY ?ARK 
COMMISSION TO THK SEGRETARY OF WAR, IHfl:}. 



Gettysburg, Pa., Novenibtr K^, IS'.iS. 

Sir: The commission was appointed JVIay L'5, 18!»."), by Hecretaiy of 
War Daniel S. Lamont, and consisted of Lient. Col. John P. Nichol- 
son, John ]). Bachelder, esq., and Urig. (len. W. 11. Forney. 

Tlui letter of instruction for tlie guidance of the coninussion was 
dated ]\lay 29, 18i>;5, and the board assembled for organization May 
31, 1<S9;3. Present, Colonel Nicliolson and ]\Ir. IJachelder. Ceneral 
Forney absent, detained by sickness at Ins home. 

Upon oi'ganizat ion tlie commission fonnd important lines of battle 
occupied by an electric railway, tlie construction of which had begun 
early in April, ISiK). Aft<n' inspecting the road and tlu^ land over 
which it Avas constructed, on July 1 the full board assembled and 
selected Col. E. B. Cope as toi)ographical engineer. lie was appointed 
and the assistants selected, a room for the commission rented at (Get- 
tysburg, and the survey of the field was at once commenced and has 
been daily continued. 

The first work was to establish a meridian, which in all the survej^s 
since the war had never been done. The datum point of reference 
was the center of the square in the town of Gettysburg, and a meridian 
line was established on the high ground of the Gettysburg Battlefield 
Memorial Association, near Hancock avenue. 

The north point of this line is near the monument of the One hun- 
dred and twenty-sixth New Yoi'k Infantry, and the south point near 
the line of the Benner i^ropert}". The line was subsequently extended 
south to the Tenth New Y^ork Infantry Monument. 

The location of the town of Gettysburg, geographically, has been 
determined to be latitude 39° 49' 15" and longitude from Washington 
0° 14' 0" west; the altitude above tide water at the Center Scpiare, 
550 feet. 

losing this meridian as a base of operations, there has been run 
many miles of back-sight transit lines on various parts of the field. 

The comnnssioners completed the examination of the Seminary 
Ridge line on August 3, from the Blocher proi^erty, on the Ilagers- 
town road, south to and lieyond the McMillan Woods, and decided to 
surv^ey a preliminary line at once. The line begins at the Blocher 
Building and runs south to the Emmitsburg road at the James Felix 
property and traverses the line that was taken up and occupied by the 
Confederate army during the greater part of the .second and third 
days' battle and affords a view of the entire line from the cemetery to 
Raund Top. It has since been surveyed and extended to the Ridge 
road, 4,5U0 feet south. 

Upon this avenue, and in rear of it, tlierc rcuiain many traces of 
the Confederate breastworks, and in all cases where stone walls were 

7 



8 GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 

rcMiiaiiiiiiL;' tliat were known Idliavf Ix'cii iis(m1 I'dP dcrciisiNc piii-poses, 
they Were iiu'lndcd Avithin Iho avcMiuo. 

At tlie north side of tliis avonuc is a ijiccc of tinibor conlaininj;' 
al»oiil. 4 acres, whore tlie Confederate ait illery was posted, wliieli is 
inehided in tlie survey; alsollie Si)angler AN'oods, in wldeli are remains 
of breastworks, containin.u: about 2.5 acres, situated near the middle 
of tlio avenue, was surveyed and eomi)Uted. All the work was con- 
nected with the meridian by the Kmmitsbur^ road. 

On Aujjust 14 a Confederate avenue was surveyed, which was tein- 
])orarily named the "Outsider Wheatlield avenue," beginninj^ at tlie 
Kmmitsbui'ii: road, SOO feet southwest of the crossroads at the I'<*aeli 
Orchai'd, runninu" eastei-ly to the lands of the .Menuti-ial Associat ion, 
thence in a sont heastei'ly dii'eet ion by the lands of the Memorial Asso- 
(•iali<)n, and tei-minat ing on a west line of the Crawford ti-act, near 
DeviPsDen. 

On .Vuijfust 10 and 17 the Ci-awloi-d 1 raet was sui'veyeil and louiid 
U) e<»ntain abont 47 acivs, Avhich was mappe<l in connect ion wit li 1 he 
Tipton propei'ty and lands of the Memorial Association. 

< )n August IS a transit line was I'un from the Emmitsburg road on 
the crossroad to If. Spangler's woods, and thenci^ to tlie Seminary 
Kidge line. 

On .Viigust 22 and 2-'} the survey was made on the line of th(» Memo- 
rial Association on Little l^ound 'I'op, and als(» on the boundaiT lines 
of the Tipton i>ropei'ty, inclnde<l between the said associat ion prop- 
erty and 1h(^ Crawfoi-d ti'acl. 

On >\.ugust 24 the lines of the I*feffei-, lienner, and Codoi-i pi-oper- 
ties wei-e sui'veyed. This survey was completed Septembei- b). 

• On September 11 survey was made of a lot of ground belonging to 
Charles Starner on the Seminai-y Ridge avenue line, with a view to 
purchase the jiroperty. 

On the 12th and 13tli the jiroperties of James Felix, at the end of 
the avenue on the Emmitsburg road, was surveyed and also the lines 
on the properties of Mr. Wolf and Mrs. Plank. These properties 
are connecting on the avenue line and reach from the Wheatfield 
road to the Emmitsburg road. 

On September 20 a transit line was made at the intersection of Rej^- 
nolds avenue and Chambersburg street in Gettysburg, which was con- 
tinued out the Chambersbui-g pike to Willoughby Run, and from near 
this pointt wo avenues were run on the east side of the stream, ending 
at the Spi-ings Hotel l)i'idg<>. The otlu'i- one, ])eginning on the west 
side of tlie bridge and following the right bank of Willoughby Run, 
tei-minates in a public i-oad that leads in a northwestei'l\' direction to 
tlie Hen- 'J'avern load. 

On S(^pt('mber 21 to 2;) the i>reliminai-y line foi* anol her a\enue was 
surveyed. It, begins at a ])oint on the C'haml)ersbnrg ])ike SSd feet 
west of Willoughby Run bridge, crossing the Spi-ings Hotel ])i-opei-ty 
in a southerly direction, and en<ls at. the llagerstown road, 'i'his line 
was prolonged se\-eral miles to a previously located connecting point 
on 1 he Seminary Kidge line. 

()n S<ip1ember 2."> commenced a transit line upon Reynolds and 
Ibiford aN'ennes to t he line of t imber beyond I tie M iimmasbnrg road 
on the pidpeity of .lohn I'^orney. llei-e we began a line loran<»ther 
aveiiin' in an easterly geiu'ral dii'ection to the Cai-lisle road; thence 

• •onlinning thioiigh |)roi>erty of the Illocliei" heirs and a<-ioss Rock 
Creek; then in a sontheastei-|y genei-al dii'ection to ihe llarrisburg 
road at the .1. niiiiiei' House, continuing the line in the same general 



GETTYSBUKG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 9 

direction across the Western Maryland Railroad and York pike to 
the summit of Benners Ridge. From this point there was run a straight 
line to l^enners Hill, and there the survey was temporarily suspended. 

On September L*8 began a careful survey of the field in the vicinity 
of the Springs Hotel, the object of which was to maplliat tei'ritory to 
the minutest detail, showing also all the projecbKl Confederate ave- 
nues. The survey embraces an area of about h} square miles. It has 
been carefully mapped, traced, and l)lue pi-inted. This survey and 
the office work necessary to complete the map occupied tlie attention 
of tlie engineer corps until October Id. 

On October 11 there was run a line fi-om the point in llu^ center of 
the s(piare of the town by the Hanover road to a point connecting 
our line on l^enners Hill, and also 1 riangulated to the same point from 
East Cemetery Hill. 

The engineer cori)S is now at work on a detailed sui'vey of Kast 
Cemetery and Culps Hill and the gi'ound to the east and other adjoin- 
ing lands. 

On August L*S the commissioners addressed a proposition 1o the 
attorneys 'representing heirs of the estate of Oeneral Crawfoi-d to 
purchase the land known as the Crawford tract for -t7()(). The prop- 
osition was accei)ted after approval by the Secretary of AVar, and the 
deeds are now being executed. 

On Septenil)er IS the commissioners purchased from Mi-. Charles 
Starner 5.2(! acres of land, at -ISO per acre. The purchase was ratified 
by the Secretar}^ of War, and the deed is now l)eing executed. 

On August 23 an excursion party from Winchester, Va., many of 
whom (veterans of the Stonewall Rrigade) had been at the battle, 
visited Gettysburg. They went over the field in comjjany with the 
commissioners (Mr. Bachelder and General Forney having gone to 
Hagerstown, Md., to meet them) and nuirked a numl)er of positions 
of the respective commands of th(^ Confederate army on Gulp's Hill 
and elsewhere, and returned to their homes in the evening. They 
seemed deeply impressed with the importance of this work and enthu- 
siastic in their assurance of cooperation from the C-onfederate veterans. 

A summary of the field work of the engineer corps under the 
direction of the commission shows the following: 

Twenty-seven ndlesof public roads have been run and a preliminary 
survey of 20 nules of avenues and proposed avenues was made, and 
24 miles of property lines. As the work ot" constructing the avenues 
progresses other surveys will be necessary. The work has been 
plotted on a scale of 1 inch to 500 feet and reduced to one-half that 
size. Part of the work has been enlarged to 1 inch to 400 feet, and 
also 1 inch to 200 feet, which is the scale of the large Warren map, 12 
feet square. 

A lai'ge portion of the work has been traced antl blue i^rinted. 

The commission has not thought it wise to open avenues until such 
times as land can be purchased at reasonable prices. This, it is 
believed, may be accomplished by watching the opportunity to buy 
odd lots which will be needed in open market at popular i-ates, by 
which plan the commission will not only secure lands desired, but a 
precedent will be established for the use of the court should the 
necessity for condemnation proceedings arise. 

By the opening of spring the commission will be in condition to 
commence the construction of avenues and the locating on them of 
tablets marking the positions of troops. 

Various commuuicatious, copies of which were promptly trans- 



in GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY I'ARK COMMISSION. 

mitted loihc Scciclar.N' 1)1" Wai, passed WctwcH'ii llic <-(>imnissi()ii('rs 
a!i<l llic pivsidenl of 1 lie elect tie railway, Mr. llolTci'. The posit ion 
assuined l)y the eomiiiissioii, uikU'I- tlie jiiiidaiiee of the Scei'etaix 
of War, n'.sultod in a siisp<'iision of tlie woi-k upon the ideetrie road 
at tlM' parts tlie oenipatioii of whieli had been ohjcctecl to l)v the 
rei)reseiitat ives of the Seei-etary of NVar. While all has not l)een 
aeeoniplislunl that the eoiuniissioiiers desired in I his eoiiiieetion, they 
feel justified in expressinj; the opinion that the i-oad will eventually 
be removed fi-oiu historic localities, at a small expense to the Govern- 
ment. 

The heart \' sympathy and eooperat ion of the Secretary of War in the 
clVortsof t he commission to remove the eU'ctrie road from Ihcoccu- 
l)ation of the prominent parts of the battlelield has been a soui'ce of 
Ui-eat satisfaction, and the boai'd can not refi'uin from ihe mention of 
this fact. 

The work of the commission has been hampered by the expecta- 
tions of numerous people representin<:; various intei-ests, in tlieir 
demamls for hiirh i)rices for land. Thus far their ell'orts have been 
unsuccessful, as shown by this report. 

Ji K( 'OMMENDATIONS. 

I'or the i)urpose of purohasinfi: lands for avennes and marking the 
positions of trooi)s embraced by the recent surveys, foi- the construc- 
tion and fencinii- of the avenues, and for the manufacture of tal)lets 
and othei" niai'kers to mark th<' positions of troops it is recommen(h'd 
that a sum not less than 85U,UUU be appropriated. 
• .loHN 1'. Nicholson, 

John H. Bacheldek, 
AV. II. Forney, 

Cotnnii^nioiers. 

Tlie SK( KKTAKV OK \V.\i:. 



HIAIK I'KINTS -VCCOMl'.VNVINCi KKl'OUT. 

L- ( 'rawford property. 

2. — Ptetfer. Codori. Bfi.iicr, and ad.ioiuint,' proi)ertie8. 

3. — Starncr propertj'. 

4. — Feli.x property. 

"). —Plank i»roperty. 

(■>.- Hancock avennc. etc 

T.-Sprini^s Hotel property, etc. 

s. — Codori property (part of). 

!l. — Pfetfei- i)roperty. 
lO.-lionncr property. 

IL— Memorial Association property (part of). 
12.— Getty sliurg Electric Itaiiroad t'onipauy (part of). 

13. — A map of the vicinity of Getty-sburg, .showing the work ot the eii^imcr 
corp.sof the United States Gettysburg Battlefield Conmiission from .Tiily 2(> to 
November 1. 18!I3. 

14.— Map showing the avenues secured, upon which are located the iirigades of 
infantry and battalions of artillery engaged in the battle of Gettysbmg. 



ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1894 



11 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 1894. 



War Department, 
(Gettysburg IUttleb^ield Commission, 

GeUijshurg, Pa., November ti. IS'JJj. 

sir: TlH. coin,uissi..u have the liorn^r to submit tlieir ^^^^^/^ 
Tiual report from October, 1893, to November 12 |S04 I he blue 

ints t?iken from maps of original work projected by this commis- 
sk!n surveyed and completed and which ar,> nnmerons, wiU be bound 
ioa-ether and transmitted to the Secretary of War. 

It is the policy of the commission to make the rep<n-t one ot pio^: 



ress 



From the date of the last report fiekl work was continued until the 
beginning of snow, and also at intervals through the winter. Active 
operations in the field were resumed in March and have been con- 

tinned to this date. . , • • i , i.^r.,^ 

The work of the engineer department ot the commission li^^ been 
Derformed with great fidelity under the guidance of bvt. bieut. 
Col E B. Cope and Mr. S. A.' Hammond, his al)le assistant, and in- 
cludes a large amount of surveying and mapping ot tracts ot land 
foi- avenues, laying out, leveling, cross-sectioning, P^'^P;^;-^^^| "|;^i;^ 
and specifications of the avenues proposed and projected and sections 
of avenues for the use of contractors. 

Attention has been given to surveys to harmonize conflu-tmg pr l - 
erty lines where the property bounded by one or moi-e ot such Um s 
was about to l)e purchased for the United States; also careful su- 
vevsUdniapsofthe present loop of the Gettysburg Electric Rail- 
road have been prepared for the use of the Government 

A sclKMue for the complete and exhaustive topograplncal Ntudy ot 
the field was begun last year and has l)een kept ni view and con- 
tinued whenever time and opportunity afforded, as ^f ^'>^^'«;.2'' l^.^hf 
•An Mccurate and complete instrumental survey of the entiie battle- 

"5 sheets 27 by 2S.L inches, each representing a s(iuare ot tne neiu 
I 400 feet' wide east and west and 5,G60 feet north and south. 

This map is intended to show the streams, roads, bmldings ot e\ei.> 
description, monuments and markers, ^^enues tiniber, earth^^^^^ 
sbme walls fence lines, and rocks; all the undu ations wil e shox 
by contour ines for every 4 feet difference of level. Much ot this work 
Stimllv done will appear by implication. Surveys f^^e ah-^ady been 
finished for three sheets. The proper mapping of the b;{\<^^^^,^^f f'^^ 
field work will engage the attention of the corj)s during the inclemc nt 
winter weather. ^The office has also included besides origmaUvork 

16175—05 2 



14 GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 

copies of llic laruc \\ ancn iiiap. I)iiiiiiii tlir [)ast year a iimiilx'r of 
positions of troops liavc been marked by \isiloi's to the ticld who wore 
soiilici's and took part in the battle, and wlicre tlies(^ |)ositioiis wore 
reliable they weiv located upon our base map. 

On August Ji Cienei'al Lewis, Colonel Tale, and Colonel Keeiian,of 
Noi-tli Carolina, visited the battlefield and located ihe position of 
many of the Nortli Carolina troops, (iren. II. Ileth, late of the Con- 
federate States Army and of tlie ^Vntietam Battlefield Commission, 
visited the lield and located the position of the two l)attei'ies of his 
command from which the first shots were firecl and that opeiH'd the 
l)attle upon tlie Confederate line. 

On October .')(• acommittee of the Seventh West X'irginia Inlaiilry 
hx-ated iheir l)attle liiu'on the Pfelfer pro[)erty, near Ziegler's Orove. 

It is the intention of tlu; board of commissioners to address a com- 
mnnicalion to the governor ol" all the States, re(piesting them to name 
i-epresentati\es of the oi-ganizat i(»ns tliat wei-e ])re.sent, for the j)ur- 
pose of locating every movement made by troojjs during the battle. 

On*' principalC()nfederatea^■enue has been decided ui)on. It reaches 
from the Ilagei-stown i-oad to a j)oint J, 470 feet beyond the Kmndts- 
burg road, ui)on the ridge occupied by the main line of the Confeder- 
ate army during the I'd aii<l 'id of -Inly, ISC,:;. It has l)een divided 
into five sections. Section t is undei- contract and will be completed 
this early winter. Section 5 is also undei- contract. 

It was found from the sui'veys made that an avenue 500 feet wide 
would include all the Confederate earthworks from the Ilagerstown 
road to the Codoii line, a distance of o,50() feet. From this line south 
to the Wheatlield I'oad an avenue 150 feet wide would end)race the 
^I'incipal works, t'.\cei)t those that were located in Spaiiglers Woods. 
This part of the avenue would be '.),!).']1 feet long, and the aNcnue 
between the extreme points named would contain 74 aci'cs of ground. 
A calculation of the area of the a\enue for different widths between 
the extreme points is as follows: 

fiofeet wide. t;].;Mt feet long I8i 

100 feet wide, l;J,;itl feet long 31 

loOfeet wide, 1;}.;J41 feet long 4G^ 

The princi[)al avenue has been divided into five sections: 

Section J, from Blochei-'s house to the Codori line, o,70(> feet. 

Section -2, from Codoi'i line to Spanglers Run, ;j,7t10 feet. 

Section •'), from S[)anglers Kun to Wheatlield road, 4,800 feet. 

Section 4, from Wheatlield roa<l to Kmmitsburg road, .'>, 700 feet. 

Section 5, fi-om Kmmitsburg road 1o ))resent end of avenue, 2,470 
feet. 

On April I 1 ilraw ings and specifications for l)ids on section 4 (tf 
avenue were lurnished to the following contractors: L. E. Miller, 
Cape May, N. .1.; K. W. Johnson, Wayne, Pa.; M. c^' T. K. Karrell, 
Westcheslei-, Pa.; Patricinus .McManus, Phila<hdi»hia, I'a.; .lames 
P. Mangen,Getl^\sbui-g, Pa.; 15. I'.. (Joudei-, St rausbni-g. Pa.; I*ollai-d. 
.Mui'tagh it Moore, Philadelphia, I'a.: ^Val•d tt Sii-ickei'. Ilari'isburg, 
I*a.; Ilafer lirolhers, Chambersbuig, I'a.; ()\\( ii rallerson. Hall imore, 
Md. ; Slayer iV: Hoyer, Ilarrisburg, Pa. 

l-'rom the l.ith to the Jlsl of .\.|)ril a majority of those having 
received specilical ions for sect ion I of theaxcnue visited (iettysl)urg 
for the jiurjiose of viewing the locality, and were taken onci- the 
ground, and on the Jlst live itids were liande*! in, iianndy, Slayer i^c 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 15 

3oyer, Ilari'isbTirg-, I'a. ; ]>. !>. (TOiider, Slraiis])uru, I'a. ; l^'arivll & 
liro., Wcstelu'stor. J'a. ; Ricliard W. Joliuwon, Wayne, J*a., and P. 
VlcMaiius, Pliiladelphia, Pa. 

On October 1 two bids were received foi- tlu^ construction of section 
) of avenue. These were opened on the 'M instant and considered by 
he commission. 

During the year the following properties have l)een i)urcliased l)y 
iirection of the Secretary of War: The IJushman tract or farm, the 
[.Crawford tract, the Charles Htarnei- tract, the Felix tract, the Mrs. 
Plank tract. 

The Secretary of War has anthorizecl the pui'chase of the INIcMillan 
bract and the Blocher tract. 

All efforts to induce the Gettysburg Electric Railroad to vacate the 
lines of battle in what is known as the Loop, the Devil's Den, and 
through the Valley of Death having failed, tlie commissioners 
re(iuest('d the Secretary of War to i:)roceed to condemn. Proceed- 
ings were comiuenced in the ITnited States circuit conrt at Philadel- 
phia. After vai-ious delay's, on June S, 18'.)4, tlie Attorney-Geniu-al 
of th(^ United States directed proceedings to be commenced against 
the electric railway at Gettysburg, under the joint resolution of 
Congress. 

August 1, l.S'.»4, th(i first hearing befori^ the juiy in the trolley case 
was postponed at the request of the electric i-ailroad until September 
11, 1804. On September 11, 1894, there was a second hearing befoi-e 
the jury at Gettysburg, and which Avas continued until SeptemlxM- b"), 
1804, when they adjourned for argument in Philadelpliia. The jury 
awarded the sum of 'i?;)0,000 damages to the electric company. Upon 
Noveml)er 12 the com})any appealed fi*om this award as l)eing inade- 
(juate, and the commission will appeal, with the approval of the Sec- 
retary of War, upon the ground that the damages are excessive and 
detrimental to the best interests of the United States. 

On January Ki, 1804, General Fornev <lied at his home, Jackson- 
ville, Ala. March, 1894, Maj . William M\ lU )1 )bins, of Statesvi 1 le, N . C. , 
whose service upon the field was with the Foui'th Alabanui Infaiitiy, 
was appointed by the Secretary of War to fill the vacancy occasioned 
by the death of General Forney. 

At the annual meeting of the Gettysburg Battlelleld Memorial Asso- 
ciation a resolution was unanimously adopted, authorizing the exec- 
utive committee to take the necessary measures to transfer the j^rop- 
erty of the association to the United States. 

The commission respectfully request that the following may be sub- 
mitted, with the approval of the Seci'etary of War, for the guidance 
of the t 'Ongress : 

For continuing the work of surveying, locating, and preservijig the 
lines of battle at Gettysburg, Pa., and for purchasing, opening, con- 
structing, and improving avenues along the portions occupied by the 
various commands of the arniies of the Potomac and Northern Vir- 
ginia on that field, and for fencing the same; and for the purchase, 
a1- private sale or by condemnation, of such parcels of land as the Sec- 
retary of War may deem necessary for the sites of tablets, and foi- 
the construction of the said avenues; for determining the leading 
tactical positions and properly marking the same with tablets of bat- 
teries, regiments, brigades, divisions, corps, and other organizations 
with reference to the study and c<u'rect understanding of the battle, 
each tablet bearing a brief historical legend, compiled without praise 



16 (iETTYS13UKO NATIONAL MILITARY TARK COMMISSION. 

and witlumt consure, s5U,0U(), to hr (.xi.m.lr.l muWv Ww .liivclu.n of 

^^'^'vnlnii!' Soc-ivtaiT of Wav is lierohy authorized to accopt, on bolialf 
„f nu' rnitPd States, donations of land for road or other pnrposes 

( )u November 3, 18'.)3, the field was visited by tlie Seeretary ot ^^ ar 
and Mrs. Laniont. On Jnly U and lo, 1804, and again on Au.unstU 
r -m 1 ]<5 the Assistant Secretary of War, Joseph B Doe visited 
1 ;; .1,1 The uivat interest always manifested by the War Depart- 
;';:„, in Ih. work of preserving the great battlefield ot the war is 
extremely gratifying to the board. 

Respectfully, ^^^^^ ^, Nicholson, 

Wm. -M. KOBHINS, 

Cuininissioners. 

The Secuetaky »)F Wak. 



LIST OF BLUE PKINTS ACC( )Ml'ANYINa THIS KEPOKT. 

15.— The Crawford property. 
l(;._The Crawford property, 
oo _New map of tht! field, central sheet. 
oj]_Cc)nfederate avenue. 
2.-,. —Confederate avenue, section 1. 
o(j._john L. Sherfy tract. 
07 _-\yiiiiam Martin tract. 
28.— Electric railroad tract. 
^2<,).— J. O. Blocher tract. 
30.— Israel,CTrenol)le tract. 
31.— Land company tract. No. 1. 
32.— S. J. Drum tract. 
33.-0. D. McMillan tract. 
31.— Land company tract, No. 2. 
3.").- Barrett, heirs, tract. 
3(i.— Electric railroad tract. 
37.— R. E. Wible tract. 
3S.— G,>()rL;e WoU' tract. 
39.— John' L. Sherfy tract. 
40.— N. Flaharty tract. 
41.— W. Martin tract. 
42. — (t. Bpan^^ler tract. No. 1. 
43.— Land company tract. No. 1. 
44._(i. Spanj,'ler tract, No. 2. 
45._S. J. Codori tract. 
46.— Land company tract, No. :!. 
47._('()nfederatt' avenue, section ."i. 
4S. —Plank and other i)ro])erti('s. 
50._P(isitions of Confederate artillery. 
.51.— Positions of Confederate artillery. 
52.— Electric railroad tract. 
.52 A.— Electric railroad tract. 
52B.— Electric railroad tract. 
53.— Electric railroad loop. 
53A. — Electric railroad loop. 
51 —A tract of land for the liuford statue. 
5.5'— The site for the Reynolds monnin.'nt. 
5n,— Propertv lin.'s between Starner. Plank, and W iDlc, 
57*_Mrs. .I.E. Plank tract. 
5S. — Detail drawing's of K"» (arnages. 
59. —Drawings of mounted gnn. 
(iU.-.)ohn L. Sherfy tract. 
(11. —Survey of tin- \Vil)ii- farm. 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 17 

32. —James Felix tract. 

33. — George Wolf tract. 

84.— O. D. McMillan tract. 

35.— S. J. Drum ti-act. 

86. — New map of the field. Peach Orchard sheet. 

67. — New map of the field, Round Top sheet. 

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS TO ACCOMPANY COMMISSIONERS' RRPOIIT. 

Laying foundation stone on section 4 , Confederate avenue. 
Cross section foundation pavement, section 4, Confederate avenue. 
Putting- lA-inch stone on section 4, Confederate avenue. 
Section 4, Confederate avenue, from Emmitsburg road. 
Grading section 5, Confederate aveiine, Emmitsburg road. 
Grading on section 5, Confederate avenue. 



ANNUAL REPOirr FOE 189.5 



19 



ANNUAL KEl^ORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMLSSTON TO THE SECRETARY OK WAR. 11!!!.'). 



War Department, Gettysburg National Park, 

(JeHijshurg, Pa., October 25, 1895. 
Sir: Tlie Gettysljiirg National Park Commission respectfully sub- 
mit the following' statement of the progress and present coDclition of 
the work: 

MILITARY AVENUES. 

At the date when our report as the Battlefield Commission was 
made last year the onl}^ roadway in process of construction was sec- 
tion 4 of the Confederate avenue, from the Wheatfield road to the 
Ivmmitsburg road along Seminary Ridge. During the present year 
there have been constructed sections 5, 6, and 7 of Confederate ave- 
nue extending south from the Emmitsburg road to the southern limits 
of the battlefield, thence eastwai'd crossing Plum Run, and up along 
tlie west sloi^e of Round To^j to Kilpatrick avenue; also an avenue 
Icnown as United States avenue from the Emmitsburg road eastward 
via the Trostle House to Hancock avenue. There is now being con- 
st t-ucted what is known as Seminary avenue, running south from the 
Cliambersburg pike along Seminary Ridge to some distance beyond 
the Hagerstown road, and as soon as the right of way can be secured 
this avenue will be extended along said ridge to the Wheatfield road 
and connect with section 4 of Confederate avenue, long since com- 
pleted. Hancock avenue, which runs from the national cemetery 
gate southward along tlie main Union line of battle to the end of 
United States avenue, is now being converted into a Telford road 25 
feet W'ide, with two side loojjs 20 feet wide reaching out to interesting 
localities. 

An avenue is also under contract running from the Wheatfield road 
south on the boi'der of the Valley of Death to the Devil's Den, and 
thence around and following the line of battle of the Third Corps to 
the Crawford land line. 

All these avenues liave been and are being constructed on the Tel- 
ford sj^stem, which was adopted after full consideration and study of 
the subject as pi'omising the best results in solidity and dural)ilit3\ 
The stone used is syenitic granite and ironstone, very hard and of excel- 
lent (iualit3^ A foundation jjavement is laid of 8-inch wedgelike stones 
set (jn edge and well knai)ped and chinked; on this 4 inches of stone 
1^ inches in size; then a slight layer of clay as a binder, and finally a 
top dressing of 1 or 2 inches of quarter-inch stone screenings; the 
whole rolled thoroughly with a steam roller weighing 14 tons; side and 
under di'ains are placed where needed. The results of the above 
method and [)rocess arc I'oadways smooth and solid and whicli will 
last for generations. 

21 



•22 (;KTTV6BrK(; NAT1(»NA1. military PAKK COMJIISSION. 

i:kii)(;ks. 

Two l)ri(i,ir<'S liavr Ix-cii Imili over riiiiii Kim, oir- oii Inili-d Slates 
a\finu'. llu' otlifi- oil section 7, Confederate avenue. Thoy are mas- 
sivelv Itnilt ttf (;eltys])iir.L^ j;ranite, the roiindatioiis deep, the super- 
struetiire of sleel •".-inch I l)ais weij;liinj>: ir> p<»unds per foot, the road- 
\\a\ -- ft-el \vi<h' of .l-iiirli oak plank, cap st(tnes on the abutments, 
and railinirs of iron. 

.STKKL ToWKKS. 

l-\iur steel towers, to be coiisl micled iipctn a desiii:!! ])repared liv tin- 
cnLrineer, Col. K. 15. ("ope, and ai)pi-<»ve<i 1»\ the coniniission, hav«' been 
«-onlracted for and are now beiiij; ei-ec1ed b}- 1 he ^'ariet y Iron AN'orks, 
of ('le\tdand, <)lii(). No. I is lio feet hi^h and stands on tin- sumniit 
(tf llij; Hound Toi); No. i' is 7.") feet hiuli, on Seminary Jiid^^', near the 
Wheat liehl road; No. .i, 7.") feet liigh, is on Seminary liidj^e, near the 
.MummasburjL^ road, and overh)oks .specially the scene of tlie lii'st day's 
liudit : No. I, •'" feet liii;h, ison lliesummit of Gulp's Ilill. Nos. 1 and 2 
arc iirarh lini>hed, and all four will !•«■ cdrnpleted within a nioiilli. 

FENCING. 

liesich's a lai-.i^e amount of stone feueinji: repaired and rebuilt alonir 
liattle lines of botli armies as it stood at tlie time of tlie battle, the 
coniniission are liavinu const i-ucted a fence aloni>: the completed ave- 
nues wherever needed, with gates at proper locations. Tliis fence is 
composed of i-ound locust posts, iron capped, with four galvani/iMl 
1-inch iras jjipes for the railini^s, with two No. 8 jj;alvanized wires in 1 he 
Uiwci- inler\als. The whole is oxer 4^ feet high, very strong and 
handsome. 

OUN CARIUAGES. 

The \ fdiintccr batteries of the Union Ainiy on the grounds of the 
.Memorial Association aie generally re[)re.sented by one gun and 
imttintcil upon inferioi* cari'iages. This coniniission resolved to sub- 
stitute an improved iron gun carriage. Sixty-two new carriages have 
been contracted for. Of these about o'i liave been furnishe(l by the 
conl ractor and placed on the field and moiinte(l with the kind of gun 
used by each l»attei-y, i('S[)ecl ively, in the battle. The others will be 
put in position as s<»on as su])plied by the contractor. Kxcelh'iil 
granite foundation stones sup])ort <'ach cairiage. The following lia\c 
already liceii placed on the I'nioii lines, \i'/: 

< )iif carriaf^c and lii-|ionnil Parrntt i KiKqi's Ijattery). Culp's lUU. 
Oiif carriaiie. Najioleoii unii. on barlow Knoll. 

TlufL' carria^'cs ami 10 pouinl I'arrotts on Little Round Top. 

Si.\ carriai^i-s and :!-incli ritlcs ( Rickettss Battery), on East ( "emetory Hill. 

Tlirc c•arria^'^s and Napoleon guns (Stewart's battery i , on East Cemetery Hill. 

Three carria^^es ami :!-iuch riHes ( rii'ht of Ricketts's Battery i . on Eaat Cemeterv 
Hill. 

Thrcf carriafifes and o-incli rifles (Wie(bicli".s New York Batterv i, on Eiust Ceuie- 
t.ry Hill. 

•Ml of these guns on Kast Cemetery Hill occupy rcdoultts used by 
.said batteries in the halt le. 

On the Confederate Him's the following ha\el»ern jdaci-d lomaik 
posit i(»ns r»f batteries, vi/.: 

< >n<' carriatje and Confederate Napoleon i,'nn {Taylor's I'.attery), secti<in I. Con- 
ffderatf avenue. 

Oue carriage and ;i-incli rillf i ParkcrH liatti-ry i. section I, Confederate avenue. 



GETTYSBUKG NATIONAL MILITAKY PARK COMMISSION. 23 

One carriage and ;3-inch rifle (Jordan's Battery), section 4, Confederate avenue. 

Two carriages and ^O-pound Parrotts (Woolfolks Battery), section I, Confed- 
erate avenne. 

(The above belonged to Alexander's Battalion.) 

One carriage and howitzer (section Carlton's Battery), section 4, Confederate 
avenue. 

One carriage and :5-inch rifle (Manly's Nortti Carolina Battery), section 4, Con- 
federate avenue. 

One carriage and Kl-pound Parrott (section Carlton's Battery), section 4, Con- 
federate avenue. 

(Jne carriage and lO-ponnd Parrott (McCarthy's Battery), section 4, Confederate 
avenue. 

One carriage and o-inch rifle (Eraser's Battery), section 4, Confederate avenue. 

(These belonged to Cabell's Battalion. ) 

One carriage and Napoleon gun (Latham's North Carolina Battery), section 5, 
Confederate avenue. 

One carriage and Napoleon gun (Garden's South Carolina Battery), section 5, 
Confederate avenue. 

One carriage and 10-pound Parrott (Bachman's South Carolina Battery), section 
5, Confederate avenue. 

One carriage and Napoleon gun (section Reilly's North Carolina Battery ), sec- 
tion 5, Confederate avenue. 

Two carriages and 8-inch rifles (section Reilly's North Carolina Battery), sec- 
tion (i,°Confederate avenue. 

(These belonged to Henry's Battalion.) 

POSITIONS AND MOVEMENTS OP TROOPS. 

The i^osition and evolutions of tlie various commands of the Union 
Army were mostly detei-mined and marked by the Memorial Assoeia- 
tion. But those of tlie Confederate army remained for the commis- 
sion to ascertain and locate. Much attention has been given to this. 
Surviving Confederate officers and sokliers have been invited to visit 
the field; also tlie authorities of the Southern States have been re- 
quested to send commissioners representing Confederate commands to 
point out positions. The responses from the Soutli to these invitations 
and requests have been very encouraging, and the c< )mm ission lia ve liad 
the aid of many Confederate soldiers of intelligence, some of high rank, 
in fixing positions and movements of Confederate troops. Additions 
to our iiiformation on tliese points are l)eing constantly made. All 
positions ascertained are, of course, carefully noted on our topograph- 
ical maps, as Avell as upon the field, so that tliey can not be lost. With- 
out going into particulars, tlie commission feel sure tliat they will be 
able within a reas()nal)le period to determine and marlc with very great 
accuracy the positions and evolutions of all tlu^ Aarious commands of 
the Confederate army on tliis field. 

THE commission's NEW MAP OF THE BATTLEFIELD. 

Owing to numerous and important engineering operations for tlie 
construction of avenues, bridges, towers, etc., for determining tlie 
boundaries of properties and office work for the immediate use of 
the commission, the engineer corps have been unable to complete 
their battlefield survey and map projected to show every detail of the 
field, for which a large amount of data has already l)eeii collected. 
Tlie}^ hope to be alile ere long to bring this work to completion. The 
sheets already completed have been found to be of much value for 
reference and are in (ionstant requisition. The commission will not 
now attempt to specify in detail all the work of tJie engineer. Col. 



•_' t OKTTYSBl'KG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 

K. II. Copt', aii<l his assistants, Iml the saim> has l)e«.'ii very extrusive 
and varifd ami in the hi.ulu'sl (Ic^n-r satisfactory. 
Ri-sitt,M-tl'iillv siihmitted. 

John I'. NmioLsuN, 

W.M. -M. Ron BINS, 
C. A. KiCHAKDSON, 

Til.- .s|.:( KKTAKN <>i' Wai:. Coinniissioiirrs. 



I'.M T.-I'KINT M-VI-S ACCOMI'WYINO TlIK KK|-<>ltT. 

('>.'^. — United States tonier stone. 

(■)'.». — KeKiiiii'iital tablets. 

TO.— Traet uf Henry Siiangler. 

71.— Tract of J. L. Sherfv. 

7J.— Tract of W. H. Martin. 

7;{._Section (>, C'ouf'ederate avenue. 

74.— Section 7, Coufederuto avenue. 

75. — C'odori (^rove. 

70.— College lane. 

77.— Tract No. :(. .T. L. Sherfy. 

78.— Sec-tions 1, -', and :{, Confederate avenue. 

7U.— A public road. 

80.— Uuiteii States Regular avenue. 

81.— Tract ol' Maria Shultic. 

82.— Plan of bridge. 

8:J.— Plan of 7')-f<iot tower. 

K4. -Tract ot' S. .T. Drum. 

8.'t. — Drawing ot (iO-foot tower. 

8(5. — 14.-' miles of public roads. 

87.— Tract of William H. Tipton. 

88. — Tract No. .">. land company. 

bll. — Tract No. I, land company. 

95. — Tract No. -*. land company. 

yi.— Tract No. ::. .1. L. Sherly. 

Hi.— Tract of Martin Winter. 

93.— Tract of H. C. Parsons. 

94.— Tract of Robert Shead.'^. 

9:..— Tract of C. F. Starner. 

9('). -Perspective view of tower. 

97. Tract of the Twenty-tirst Cavalry. 

9s. — S<'minary lane. 

99. — Drawing of T.'i-foot tower, 
loo.— S<-minary lane. 
lOI.— Plan of gate. 
lO-J.— Plan of fence. 
I0:t.— Centerpiece of gate. 
In4.-Plan of L,'at.'. 
lori.— Plan ol gate. 

10<5.— Tract of Ian. I of Fifth New .Tersoy. 
I07. Tract of land of Twenty sixth l^nnsylvania. 
lOM. — Tract of land of Sixtii Pennsyhania. 

109. -Thk t of land of Ninety -ciglnh 1 Vnusylvania. 

110. Trjici of land ol Knaji's Battery. 
• l l,--Tract of land of Tenth Maine. 

ll'J.— Tract ot lanil of One iiundred and tiiirtv-sixtli New York. 
li:{. Tract of land of First New York Artillery. 

111. -Tract «>t land <»f Sevcntv-si'venth New York, 
l.l.").- Tract of l;ind of I'iftv-fifth New York. 
1H5.— Tract of laml of Fourth Ohio. 

1 17.— Tract r)l land of ( )ne humlred and twcnt vlifth New York. 

1 IN.— Tract of land of Third New York. 

1 19. — Trad of land of First New .Jersey Cavalry. 

1-0.— Tract of land of 'Ihird Pennsylvania Battery. 

I-'I,— Tract f»f land of Fenili New York Cavalry. " 

12-'. — Tract of laud of l"(MirtIi Nt-w .Icrsty. marker. 

12.'5.— Tract of land of (Jne hundred and liftv-thini I'ennsyiv.inia. 



(lETTYSBUKG NATIONAL MILITARY TARK COMMISSION. 25 

124. — Tract of land of Sixteenth Peinisvlvania Cavalry. 

125.— Tract of land of Eighth (Jhio. 

126.— Tract of land of United States avenue. 

127. — Tract of land of United States avenne. 

128. — United States corner stone. 

129.— Sickles and Crawlord avenues. 

130. — Hancock and Sedgwick avenues. 

131.— Foundation stones. 

i;>2. — Seminary Lane avenue. 

133.— Fence No. 2, Gilbert. 

134. — Barn at headquarters. 

135. — Wire fence. 

136.— Wire fence. 

137.— Tract of C. Gilbert. 

138.— Tract of Maria Shultz. 

139. — Tract of Jacob Benner. 

140. — Tract of Seminary lane. 

141. — Drawing of gate and fence. 

142. — Drawing of shells iised in the battle. 

143. — ^Drawing of 13-inch shells. 

144. — Tract of United States property. 

145.— Tract of James Felix. 

146. — Tract of United States property. 

147. — Wilkeson's Battery. 

148. — Train schedule. 

149. — Hancock avenue. 

150. — Tract of Bair and Gilbert. 

151.— Tract of Pfeffer. 

152.— Tract of Basil Biggs. 

153.— Tract of F. Pfefifer. 

154. —Tract of D. J. Benner. 

155.— Tract of L. Leister. 

15(1.— Tract of B. Biggs. 

157. — Tract of L. Hummelbaugh, 

15S. — Tract of S. Codori. 

159.— Tract of W. Patterson. 

160.— Tract of G. Weikert. 

161.— Tract of P. D. Swisher. 

162.— Tract of J. Felix. 

163. — Boundary lines liorough of Gettysburg. 

164. — Tract of the Memorial Association. 

165. — Site of General Meade's statue. 

166.— Tract of tlie Memorial Association. 

167. — Tract of the Memorial Association. 

LIST OF PHOToCiKAPHS TO ACCOMPANY COMMISSIONERS' REPORT. 

View on section 7. Confederate avenue — the Devil's Slipper. 

Section 7, looking cast. Round Top in the distance. 

Grading roadbed, section 1 , Confederate avenue. 

Rolling subgrade, section 1, Confederate avenue. 

Foundation work of roadway on Seminary avenue, looking north. 

A view of Ricketts's Battery. F and G, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, East 

Cemetery Hill. 
First New York Light Battery I, East Cemetery Hill. 
Side view, Bridge No. 1. 

Perspective view of Bridf.;e No. 1 on United States avenue. 
Stewart's battery. Fourth United States, East Cemetery Hill. 
A view of Cooper's Battery, B, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, East Cemetery 

Hill. 
A section of Reillv's Battery, C. S. A., on section 6, looking toward Little Round 

Top. 
View on section 6, looking east, Roinid Top in the distance. 
Old cast-iron gun carriage, formerly used to mark the field. 
A view of avenue, section 5, looking north. 
A view of section 5, looking south. 
A view of Confederate avenue, section 7, looking south from near the entrance of 

Kilpatrick avenue. 
A view of Confederate avenue, section 7, looking north. 
A view of avenue, section 4, looking north, showing the fence constructed by the 

commission on one side and the stone wall rebuilt on the other. 



ANNUAL KEPOHT FOR l<S9r^ 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 1896. 



War Department, 
Gettysburg National Park, 

Geftysbunj, Pa., October 31, 1806. 
Sir: The Gettysburg National Park Conimissiou respectfully sub- 
mit the following report of the progress and jjresent condition of the 
woi'k : 

MILITARY AVENUES. 

Since our rej^oi't of 1895 the Telford road, known as Seminary ave- 
nue, and section 1 of Confederate avenue, running from the Chambers- 
burg pike southward along Seminary Ridge as far as the Government 
at present owns the right of way there, has l)een completed; like- 
wise Hancock avenue, which runs from the national cemetery gate 
southward along the main Union line of battle to the east end of 
United States avenue, and also Si(?kles avenue, which runs from the 
Emmitsburg road near the Rogers house southeastward, via the Loop 
and the Wheatfield, to the Devil's Den. Slocum avenue, which fol- 
lows the battle lines over Gulp's Hill, is in course of construction and 
nearly completed. The whole length of Telford avenues which have 
been constructed by our commission is 7^ miles. The United States 
avenue crosses the field perpendicularly from east to west between the 
Union and Confederate lines. All the others follow closely the 
respective lines of battle. Of the Confederate avenue which follows 
the Confederate line of l)attle along Seminary Ridge and thence to 
Round Top, sections 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7, aggregating a distance of nearly 
3 miles, have been completed. Sections 2 and 3 of this C'Onfederate 
avenue remain still unconstructed, solely because we have been unable 
to secure the right of way by purchase from the land owners. Pro- 
ceedings to condemn the needed lands were delayed on account of a 
question having been raised in a similar case of ours as to the right 
of the Government to condemn land for such purposes, which neces- 
sitated an appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States. That 
court having adjudged such right to be constitutional, condemnation 
proceedings were at once instituted and are now pending in the cir- 
cuit court of the United States for the eastern disti'ict of Pennsyl- 
vania, and as soon as the right of way shall be thereby secured, sec- 
tions 2 and 3 of the Confederate avenue will be promptly constructed. 

MARKING THE POSITIONS OP TROOPS. 

As the purpose of the National Government in taking charge of this 
field was not only to preserve its features as they existed at the time 
of battle and to make its many interesting points accessible hy good 
16175—05 3 29 



:5(l GETTYSBUKG NATlnNAL MlI.llAin I'AKK (» ».MMiti:Sl(»]N. 

i-oa<ls, l»ut also to liuvc thf })ositions Jind rv(»liit ions ol' both llie coii- 
t«'ii<lin;r aniiics caiofuUy ascertaiiKMl aii<l siiital)ly niaikcd, and as 
tlic positions of most of the I'nion troops had hccn picviously marked 
by monnmcnts eivi-tcd by dilTfrcnt States at their own expense, nnder 
tilt' supervision of the (^ettysbnrj;; Battlclicld Mcmoiial Assoeiation, 
oui- attention has been lar^^cdy directed lo what had been left mainly 
undone, to wit. lixinj; and markiiiir tlie positions and movements of 
the Confederate troops and the I'nited States Regulars. Since our 
last report we have maiked the positions of the f(jur batteries of ]\lclii- 
tosh's Artillery Battalion on Seminary llidge along section 1 of the 
Confederatt' avenue, and we ha\e placed an additional gun, making 
two, to each of twelve batteries belonging to Alexander's, Cabell's, 
and Henry's Artillery JJattalions along sections -t, o, and (l, ConlVder- 
atea\<'nne. ( )iir |tlan is to mark the i)osition of eaclTbattery by at 
least two guns like those which composed it and mounted on gun car- 
riages atlmirably reseml)ling the usual wooden ones, btit made of iron. 
Handsome tabl(»tsof iron, not only for each battery, but also for each 
command of infantry and cavalry, will stand along the main lines <»f 
battle, with bi-ief inscrii)t ions sjK'cifying the nanu' of each command, 
its servi<'e in the battle, and referring to auxiliary and subordinate 
tablets so ])laced as to indicate successive movements during the con- 
flict. Mnch thought has been given to the preparation of these tab- 
lets and their inscriptions for the (Confederate comnuuuls, so as to 
arri\«'at thentmost possible historic accuracy with regard to each 
one as well as perfect consistency and fairness among them as a whole. 
This is a work retjuiring great (hdiberation and j)ainstaking, but we 
lio|(e to accomplish it satisfactorily. 

'I'he placing of the Confedei-ate tablets along the main lines can 
•ijily be completi'd when we shall have ac<piired the need<Mi lands and 
(omi)lete(l tiu' construction of the Confederate avenues along those 
lines, which we are doing as fast as pi-act icable. During the past 
year we have also replaced all of the <»ld inferior gun carriages which 
Were formerly nsed for the Ciuon batteries with our new iron oin's, 
c(»nsirncted as aforesaiil. and we ha\e monnte<l many addit ioiuil guns 
to mai-k the positions of I'nion batteiies, among the more notable of 
which are six i'o-j„»iin(ler I'arrol ts placed in the Citi/.en's Cemetery 
by lea\e of the pi-oj)ei- anlliorities, to mark the positions of Taft's 
Battery. 

I'K.NciNc;. i:t('. 

In appropi-iate and needful places we lia\e caused the a\enues 
which ha\e been made to be inclosed with the neat style of fence 
desi-ribed in our last annual repoit, which, lieing made of iron-capped 
htcnst |)osts ami four galvanized iron railings, is not only durable but 
is inconspicuous lu tlit> sight, and therefore docs not mar the \ iew of 
the held. .Ml stone fencs an<l walls whi<-h existed at the time of the 
battle and which are upon gi(»und owned by the I'lMted Slates we 
have cau.se<[ to be icsidi-ed and put in proper condit ion, as also such 
l»reast works an<l other defenses as were erected by either army. We 
have also caused ;,M<'at nundters of trees lobe |)lanted, so as to restore 
the f(»re.sl. (.n grounds whii-h have been denuded of trees since t he 
liattle. The hurricane of last month destroyed many hundreds of 
trees on the bat l.lt'liidd. which we .shall take nieasures to replace. 

<'HSK|;\A i(i|;iKS. 

Ihc liMir .siccllowcrs w liicji were in cour.sc of const ruci ion al the 
dale III" our last report were conipjeted .soon lliereafler. We lia\c 



GETTYSBURa NATIONAL MILITAKY PARK COMMISSION. 61 

since caused another to l)e erected near the center of the field in 
Ziegler's Grove and not far from the point where the battle ended 
with the final grand but nnsuccessfnl Confederate assanlt of tlie third 
day. These are all solid and well-built structures, and, located as thej'^ 
are, they afford the observer a complete and satisfactoi'y view of the 
entire scene of the great battle and enable liiui to get a consistent 
and accurate idea of it as a whole. 

We are happy to report that visitors in great numbers from all sec- 
tions of our own countrj', as well as some from abroad, are constantly 
thronging these historic grounds and tracing out the complicated 
phases of the titanic struggle, with many expressions of their satis- 
faction at the wise plans of the National Government for making it 
plain and easily comprehended, and for preserving this field for the 
study of those who are to come after us. 

John P. Nicholson, 
Wm. M. Bobbins, 
C. A. Richardson, 

Coitirn idS toners. 
The Secretary of War. 



LIST OF BLUE PRINTS TO ACCOMPANY COMMISSIONERS' REPORT. 

168. — A map showing the scene of Loiigstreef s final assault oji the Union lines at 
Gettysburg July .3, ISGo. 

109. — Plot of land for the Seventy- third New York monument. 

170. — Trail of gun carriage for 20-pounder Parrott rifle. 

171. — Guns used in marking positions of batteries on the Gettysburg 1)attlefield. 

172.^Property of the United States formerly belonging to M. Bushman estate. 

17;j. — Map showing location of trees, etc., in Ziegler's grove. 

174. — Plot of land belonging to the Gettysburg Water Company on which is 
erected the Twenty-fifth and Seventy-fifth Ohio monuments. 

175. — Plot of ground belouL^ing to the estate of Samuel A. Whitney on which is 
erected Hall's Second Maine Battery monument. 

176. — Plot of gi'ound belonging to the estate of Samuel A. Whitney on which is 
erected the One hundred and forty-ninth Pennsylvania monument. 

177. — Tract of land belonging to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Associa- 
tion. Conveyed by Henry and Annie Culp. 

178. — Tract of land belonging to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Associa- 
tion. Conveyed by Samuel Bushman. 

179. — Plot of monument sites in Peach Orchai'd on the battlefield of Gettysburg. 

180. — Tract of land belonging to the United States Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial 
Association. Conveyed by Hart Gilbert. 

181.— Tract belonging to the Ignited States Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial A.sso- 
ciation. Conveyed by Levi Weikert. 

182. — Tract belonging to the United States Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Asso- 
ciation. Conveyed by Emanuel Weikert. 

18;i. — Tract belonging to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Con- 
veyed by Henry Welty. 

184. — Tract belonging to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Con- 
veyed by Levi Plank. 

185. — Tract belonging to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Con- 
veyed by Emanuel Weikert. 

186. — Tract belonging to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Con- 
veyed by Francis A. Althoff. 

187.~Gate of inch pipe. 

188. — Tract belonging to the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Con- 
veyed by John S. Forney. 

189. — Tract belonging to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. Conveyed 
by George F. Basehoar. 

190. — A mounted Whitworth gun. 

191. — Tract belonging to John L. Shei'fy on which is erected the First Vermont 
United States Sharpshooters monument. 



.i'J ^;KTTYSBUR(t national :^IILHAKV I'AKK COMMISSION. 



10-2. 
VS.). 
lit I. 

i'j:».- 

\m.- 

I'.i:.- 

I'.ts.- 
iit'.i. 

•JtMI.- 

2ui. 

2U>\ 

20:!.- 

20 1. 

20.'i.- 

2(»t!. 

207. 

2MS.- 

20it.- 
• 
210.- 

211. 

212. 
213. 
211.- 

21.">.- 
211-,.- 

217.- 

218.- 
21ii. 

220. 

221. 

222. 

22:{. 

224., 

22.'».- 
22«V- 

• )•!!• _ 



Battlefield Memorial Association. 



—Tract liolon;;ing to Gettysbur. 

bv J. S. Forney. 
— Trait bclont,an.i; todettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. 

bv .Ifrennah Bender. 
— Tr.ict Ijelonging to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. 

by .1. S. Forney. 
—Tract belonging to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. 

bv .1. A. Livers. 
—Tract belonging to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association. 

bv David Wills. 
—Tract belonging toGettvslmrg Battlefield Memorial Association. 

by M. \V. iV .1. W. Eiiholtz. 
—Tract in Howard avenue taken from property of Alex. Spangler. 
Tract belonging to (Gettysburg Battlefiehl Memorial Association. Taken by 

rondemnation ijroceedings from the poor directors of Adams County. 
—Tract belonging to (iettysl)urg Battlefield Memorial Association. Conveyed 

l»y Leander lluuniulbaiigli. 
--Tratt of land conveyed by A. Spangler to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial 

Association. 

Battlefield Memorial Association 



Conveyed 
( 'onveyed 
Conveyed 
( "onveyed 
Conveyed 
Conveyed 



Battlefield Memorial Association. 
Battlefield Memorial Association. 
Battlefield Mi'morial Association. 
Battlefield Memorial A.ssociation . 



Conveyed 
Conveyed 
( "onveyed 
Conveyed 
( 'onveyed 
Conveyed 
Conveyed 
Convej'ed 
Conveyed 
Conveved 



Tract belonging to (iettysbur^j 
by Jacob Baker. 

Tract belonging to Gettysbur^j; 
by Alice Forney. 

Tract belonging to Getty.sburu 
by .Tohii Bendi-r. 

■Tract belonging to Getty.sburj. 
by David Blocher. 

■Tract l)eloiiging to Gettvsburjj 
by David Wills. 

Tract belonging to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial As.sociation. 
by E. Manaway. 

•Tract belonging to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, 
by Hugh Scott. 

■Tract l>elongmg to < iettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, 
by E. Menchy. 

Tracts belonging to Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, 
by Samuel A. Whitney. 

Tract belonging to tJettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, 
by E. Mcl'lierson and John Kuhn. 

Plan and elevation of harness house. 

Proposed fiagstatf. 

■Koimtl Top tracts conveyed by trettysburg Battlefield Memorial Associa- 
tion to I'nited States of America. 

■Howard avenue tracts. 

Neill avenue, conveyed by the Gettysburg Battlefield .Memorial .V.ssociation 
to Uniti'il States. 

Culp's Hill tract, conveyed by (Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association 
to I'nited States of America. 

■Plan of Sickles avenue. 

Oak Ki.lge i)roperty. conveyed by (xettysburg l.attlefield Memorial Associa- 
tion to Cnited States of America. 

Reynolds Woods aii<l jiart of Reynolds avenue, conveyed by Gettysburg 
Battlefield Memorial Association to Ignited States of America. 

Reynolds avenue property No. 2. conveyed by (ietty.sburg Battlefield 
Memorial .\s8ociati»ni to the Uniteil States of America. 

Tluf Wlieattii'ld and ])ortion of Sickles avenue, conveyed by (iettysburg 
Battlefield .Memorial As.sociation to I'nited States of America. 

Bnford avenue and a portion of lieynolds avenue, conveyed by the (xettys- 
burg iiattletield M"iMonal A.ssociation to the I'nited States of America. 

Hancock avenue, including Cxeorge Weikert. L. Hunimelbaugh. and L. 
Leister properties, conveyed by (iettyslturg Battlefield Memorial Asso- 
ciation to United States oi' America. 

Althoff projterty, conveyed by (xettysburg Battlefiehl Memorial Association 
to I'nited States of America. 

Property in borougli of (xettysburg. conveyed by Gettysbxirg Battleficlil 
Memorial Association to I'niteil States of America. 

Smith property, cojiveyed by Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association 
to I'^niteil States of ,\nierica. 



GETTYSKUKCi TSTATIONAL MILITAKY PARK COMMISSION. 38 

228. — Rose Grove, conveyed by Gettysburg Battlefield Meuiorial Association to 

United States of America. 
229. — East Cemetery Hill property, conveyed by Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial 

Association to United States of America. 
230. — Cavalry avenue property, conveyt>d by Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial 

Association to United States of America. 
231. — Plot of First New .Jersey Battery A, conveyed by Gettysburg Battlefield 

Memorial Association to Unitt-d States of America. 
233. — Plot of First Wisconsin monument. 

233. — Plot of One hundred and fourteenth and Fifty-seventli Pennsylvania. 
234. — One hundred and thirty-sixth New York monument plot. 
235. — Sixth Pennsylvania monument plot. 
236. — First Maine Cavalry plot. 
237,— Randolph's Battery E plot. 

238. — Gians used for marking positions of batteries. No. 2. 
239. — Ninety-fifth Pennsylvania monument plot. 
240. — Twenty- sixth Emergency Regiment monument plot. 
241. — Fifteenth Massachusetts monument plot. 
242. — First United States Sharpshooter monument plot. 
243. — Seventy-third New Y'ork monument i)lot. 
244. — One hundred and sixth Pennsylvania monument plot. 
24.').— Sixty-third Pennsylvania monument plot. 
246. — Fifth New York Cavalry monument plot. 
247. — Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry monument jjlot. 
248. — Fu'st Massachusetts mimument plot. 
249. — Twenty-seventh Indiana monument plot. 
250.— Tablet plot first shot fired. 

251. — A general map of all the lands of the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Asso- 
ciation Mdiich have iieen conveyed to the United States of America. 
252. — Round Top Park property of Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad. 
253. — Plot of tract of land belonging to John L. Sherfy, known as the Peach 

Orchard. 
254.— Property of W. H. Tipton. 
255. — Tract of land from property of George F. Basehoar forming part of Buford 

avenue. 
256.— United States property on the Gettysburg battlefield. 
257. — Plan of Observation Tower No. 5. 
258. — Plot of tract of land belonging to Amos Leister. 
259. — Entrance to Slocum avenue, conveyed by Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial 

Association to United States of America. 
260. — Plan of dedication stand. 
261. — Map showing the connections of the Gettysburg Electric Railroad on the 

Eminitsburg road. 
262. — Tract belonging to Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad Company. 
263. — Tracts of land belonging to William Patterson. 
264. — Tract of land belonging to Land and Improvement Company. 
26""). — Tract of land belonging to Henry Spangler. 
266. — Tract belonging to .John L. Sherfv. 
267. — Tract belonging to Warren W. liafer. 

268. — Tract belonging to Land and Im[)roveinent Company on Seminary Ridge. 
269. — Mai) showing tracts of land required on Seminary Ridge for the continued 

construction of C'onfederate avenue from Hagerstown road to Wheatfield 

road . 
270. — Plan of Slocum avenue. 
271.— Plan of Sedgwick avenue. 

272. — Cross section of Western Marjdand Railroad cut. 
273. — Plan of barn on United States property (formerly Bushman). 
274. — Plan of Meade avenue. 
275. — Design for girder bridge. 

276. — Tract of land belonging to Florence and Georgianna Cunningham. 
277. — Tracings of the 200-foot scale Warren map, accompanying the report of 1896,, 
278.— Title page. 
279. — Northwest corner. A-1. 
280.— Herr Tavern, A-2. 
281.— North Middle, A-3. 
282.— North Rock Creek, A-4. 
28.J.— Northeast corner, A-5. 
284. — South of northwest corner. B-1. 



;U CK'lTVSUrKif NAI'IUNAL MIUTAKY I'AliK CUMMISSION. 

'^8.1. — Medicinal Si»ring, B-'J. 

286.— West Cxettvsburg, B-i. 

2ST.— East Gt>ttysbul•^^ B- 1. 

2s^.— Ilanovrr r.-ad. B-."). 

2sy._Blaik Horse Tav. Til. ("-1. 

^'JO.-Mi.UU.- Willoughby Run. C-2. 

291.— Field of Lonirstruefs tissault, C-3. 

2'J2.— Culp's Hill, ('-4. 

2'J:{.— Wolt Hill. C-.j. 

291.— Marsh ( 'reek. D-1. 

29.").— I'it/ers Sclioolliouse. D-2. 

29(j.— Peaeht )rchard ami Wlieatfield, D-'.i. 

297.— Powers Hill. D-l. 

29S.- East BaltmiDie pike, D ">. 

299. — S(nithwest corner. El. 

:{(X).— South Einniitsbnr.LC rojid, E-2. 

:{01. - The Rinind Tops and Devil's Den, E-:{. 

;}0j. —South Tanevtown road. El. 

:{0:i.— South Rock" Creek, E .'>. 

I.lsr t)K l-IIoTniiKAI'IIS re ACCOM I'ANY CoMMISSIONEKS" KF.POKT. 

Confederate avenue, section 7. tower. Bi.:; Rouml Top. 

Entrance to Hancock avenue. Zieji^lers Grove. 

Hancock avenue, south, toward IJryaii House. 

Hancock avenue, tower. Bryan House. 

Hancock avenue. Eleventh New York Independent Battery. 

Hancock avenue, loop at the angle. 

Hancock avenue, north to high-water mark. 

Hancock avenue at interse tion of Pieasoiiton avenue. 

Int 'rsection United Stat'S .-ivenne and Hancock avenue. 

CnitiMl States avfiiue, from Trostle House. 

Entrance to Sickles avenue. Eminitsburg road. 

grossing of Ignited States and Sickles avenues. 

Sickles avenue, woods west of Wlieatfield. 

Sickles avenue, across Wlnatfield. 

Sickles avenue at Smiths Battei-y, I'ourth New York. 

Si<-kles avenue west of Devil's Den. 

Tower. ( onfedei-rite avenue, section t. 

Entrance to Slocum avenue. 

Slocum avenue, Stevens Knoll. 

Stevens s Fifth Maine Battery. E, Slocum avenue. 

Slocum avenue— section of Stevenss Fifth .Maine Battery. 

Slocum avenue at entrance to woods. ( "ulp's Hill. 

Tower.mdK- ap's Battt-ry. F.. Pennsylvania Light Artillery, sumniitofCuJp'.sIIill. 

.Slocum avenue, graded ro;idb<-d. 

Slocum avtiiue, gra<led roadbed. 

Terminus (jt Slocum avenue, near Spanglers Spring. 

Reynolds < J rove after storm of Si'pteml>er ;!0, JN'ttj. 

Iteynolds (irovo after storm of .Sept<^mlM^r :{(), ISiX!. 

Reynolds (trove after storm of .September ;{it, ISiKJ. 

Big Round Top ni-nr lower, aft'-r storm of .September :!0, lS(i(>. 

Big Rounil Top after storm of September :!(», IMm;. 

Big Round Toji after st«»rm of .Sei)tember ::(), IMtii, 

Little Roui:d To;! after storm of .September ;!<•, 1^9(5. 

Little Round To|) alter storm of Se|)tember :!0, IsiKi. 

( irove south of Wheattield jitter storm of September :!(), 189(5, 

(}rove south of Wheattield after storm of .September ;!U, is%. 

Culp's Hill near Seventieth and <»iie iinndr<'<l and .sirond New York monument 

iifter .storm of September MK In'.ik. 
Cnlps Hill, ."^ixty-sixth ( )hio monument after storm of Sei»tember :{(•. isiiti. 
("nip's Hill near Knai)'s Battiry after storm of September :{(). 1890. 
Culp's Hill after storm of .September 30. lS9(i. 



ANNUAL REPORT T OR 1897 



35 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 1897. 



War Department, 
Gettysburg National Military Park, 

Getiysharg, Pa., October 25, 1807. 
Sir: The Gettysburg National Park Commission respectfully sul)- 
mit the following report of the progress and present condition of their 
work, with some suggestions of their plans for lh(^ future: 

military avenues. 

Since the last i-eport Slocum avenue, then undei- construction, has 
been completed. It leads from the Baltimore [)ike at the base of East 
C'cMueter}' Hill over the summit of Gulp's Hill lo its southeastern l)ase 
at Spangiers Spring, closely following and marking the main l)attle 
line of the right wing of the Union Army. 

Sedgwick, Sykes, and Meade avenues have been surveyed, con- 
tracted foi", and completed. Sedgwick avenue leads from the southern 
end of Hancock avenue to the northern base of Little Round Top, 
following the Sixth Corps line on that part of the field; and Sykes 
avenue leads over the summit of Little Round Top, following the 
Fifth Clorps line there, and continues on until it connects with the 
Confedei'ate avenue, section 7, on the western slope of Big Round 
Top. Meade avenue leads from General Meade's headquarters on the 
Taneytown road to Hancock avenue, at the point where the Confed- 
erate assault of the third day culminated. 

That section of Crawford avenue wiiich leads from Devil's Den north- 
ward through the Valley of Death to the Wheatfield road, including 
a bridge over Plum Run, is being rapidly pushed and will be com- 
pleted before December 31, 181)7. 

All these avenues, like those previously built by the commission on 
this field, are constructed on the Telford system and are substantial 
and durable. Wherever along their sides there are sloping banks, 
these are turfed or set with grass; the gutters are well paved with 
stones, and, wherever needful at short curves, low granite pillars, 
topped with 13- inch shells, have been set on the edge of the avenues 
to prevent careless driving off the roadway. 

Hancock avenue has been widened to 100 feet by purchasing the nec- 
essary ground on each side and erecting along its borders an excellent 
standard fence. 

Much yet remains to be done here in the construction of avenues 
and roadways. Two miles of the Confederate avenue on Seminary 
Ridge, along the battle line of Hill's Corps on second and third days, 
have not yet been constructed because the Government did not i)ossess 

37 



lis liETTYSHrua NATIONAL MI LIT A UV I'AKK COMMISSION. 

I lie li.ulit ttf way. Al'ici- diliucnt cirorts to seouro tliis by i»iircliase at 
ivasonal)!*' li,i,Miies Ironi Ihc land owiicis. I>iit witlioul success, proceed- 
ings for coiiileiniiiiij;' the needed lands were heifun in the circuit court 
(d' the United .Stales for tlie eastern district of i*ennsylvania and are 
still i)endi !!}.>: there. A Jury of view was api)ointed, inspected the lands, 
lieard testinu)ny, and made report lixiuii: [)rices for the lands; but the 
pi-oprietors aj)pealed, and the case stands for ti'ial. It will doubtU'SS 
i)e decided at the spiinii' tenn, and we hoiie then to push lliat ave.iiue 
to completion. It will connect the two parts of ('onfedei'ate avenue 
already built at the northei-n and southeiii ends of Seminary Kid<>:e 
and make a complete and splendid ax'cnue alonii' Ihewlude front (jf 
IlilFs and Lon.ust reefs c(»r|)s from the Chamltci-sburi;- pike southward 
and eastward to the slopes of iJound Top, a distance of over •"• miles. 
One or more bridu'es must l)e built alon.u' it o\'ei' the st reams which cut. 
lhrou,Li:li the rid.uc 

'IMiere is need for imixtrtanl improx'ements u[)oii the avenues on the 
cavalry liehl .5 miles I'ast of the town and for more substantial fencing 
about those avenues and grounds. Moreovei', the Confederate posi- 
tions on that field are as yet entirely unmarked, and th<' commission 
isan.xious to have sulhcient provision made t(M'nable them at an early 
day to scenic iln- neede(l lands, erect tablets, and mount batteries, so 
as to show the lines and evolutions of the Confederate forces theic. 
Among the olhei- avenues which are now hut i-ough, narrow, and 
unsightly ways, scarcely ])assabl(% and need to be converted into Tel- 
ford roads, we may mention Wright avenue, leading from the gap 
between the Round 'J'ops southeasterly across the Taneytown road 
along the line of the left, division of the Sixth Corps; Pleasonton a\c- 
lUie, from Hancock avenue eastward by the cavalry liead(|uarters ti» 
tln^ 'J'aneytown road; and the return avenue on Culp's Hill, from 
Si)angler\s spring westward along the southei'U base of that hill, mark- 
ing the battle line wlu'rethe Tnion forces formed in the early morning 
of July .) and a<lvance(l for the recovery of their position captured 1)\' 
the Confederates the evening befoi"(\ 

The Keynolds, Ibifoi'd, an<l Howard a\i'nues on the lii-st <hiy's Held 
ai'c dirt roads, located l)y the .Memorial Associat ion, and often in bad 
condition. They mark the lines of the First and EleviMith <'or[)s and 
of the I'nioM eavalry, and gi-eatly nee<l to be improved, either on the 
Macadam or T<dford {)lan. and a substantial bridge upon Keynolds 
aNcnue across the rail i-oad cut, made historic by the conllict there, 
must b<' huilt so(»n, the old oiu' eonsti'ucted by th(> 3Ienun'ial Associ- 
ation ha\ing become dangerous. 

There is urgent need loi-a new avenue leading from Ihesoutheastein 
base of Culp's Hill, aeross liock Creek, to the extreme right (lank of 
111*' I'nion and lefi Hank of the Confederate forces, respectively, and 
thisslionld he laid out with a view to its extension to the cavalry 
Held, whither a good road is much needed. 

The pui)lie roads within the bounds of the park, i-adialing in excry 
tlirection from tin- town, the substantial center of llie hatllelield, 
woidd ser\c as coiiNruii'iil routes by which to reach many interesting 
parts of ii if thiy were kept in good condition; but tlie_\ ai'c gener- 
ally in a very unsatisfactory stal«' and often well-nigh imi>a.s.sable. 

m.\i;ki.N(; I'osnioNs ok tkoops. 

I ndrr tiif supervision of the eomniission. the engineer, IJeut. Col. 
K. K. ('o|i(>. has noted on tin- liild and marked upon the maps tliu 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MIHTAKY PAKK CC^MMISSION. 39 

positions of every command of both armies wliieli lias been authentic- 
ally fixed, and this embraces nearly all of them. The indication of 
all these positions by tablets and markers on the ground will proceed 
as rapidly as iiracticable, having in some cases to await the acquisi- 
tion of title to the land. 

During the year iron gun carriages have been procured, of the 
excellent pattern adopted by the commission, and guns have been 
mounted upon them, marking the positions of 10 Union batteries in 
various parts of tlu^ field. Additional gun carriages are needed soon, 
to be used for mounting guns mai-kingtht' positions of 42 Confederate 
batteries in addition to tliosc of the Confederates which ha\(' already 
been marked and heretofore re])oi'ted. 

A monument to the Seventy-third New York Infantry, known as the 
"Fire Zouaves," was ei-ccted neai" Sickles a\enu(^ and the I'each 
Orchard, and dedicated with appi'o]U"iate cci'emonies in September. 

The monument of the First iMiunesota Regiment, erect(Ml some yeai's 
since, was dedicated, hv tiie survivoi'sof the regiment fi-omthat State, 
on July 2, 18;»7. 

The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Vermont regiments of Stannard's 
Brigade have recently sent committees here to fix the locations for 
the monuments which are to be erected to these commands. 

A commission from the State of Maine has recently verified the 
sites foi- tablets to be erected near Hancock avenue, showing the 
respective positions of the Third and Fourth Maine Regimeuts on the 
third day of the battle. 

We are glad to report that quite a number of Confederate veterans 
have visited here during the year for the jjurpose of viewing the 
battlefield and of locating and verifying the lines and positions of 
their commands. We interpret this as a favorable indication of gi-ow- 
ing interest on the i^art of the Southern States and people in this field. 

in addition to the before-mentioned iiroceedings for condemning 
lands for the Confederate avenue on Seminary Ridge, there is also 
yet i^ending in the circuit court of the United States for the eastern 
district of Pennsylvania the proceeding begun some time since for 
condemning part of the Gettysburg Electric Railroad line and remov- 
ing it from the military positions which it defaces on the battlefield. 
This case will probably be concluded ere long, and the amount of com- 
IDcnsation which may be adjudged to said railroad company will then 
be payable. The anu)unt awarded by tlui jury t)f view Avas -toO,000. 
This was appealed from l»y both sides. We trust the court's final 
judgment may reduce it. 

We will not encumber the report by attempting to specify the details 
of our work, nor the many minor expenses, aggregating a very con- 
sidei'able sum, which are necessarilj' incident to the prosecution of so 
great a design as the establishment of the Gettysburg National Mili- 
tai'y Park. 

Feeling sure that it would be wise to appropriate $150,000 for this 
work for the next fiscal year, we respectfully recommend that anunint, 

John P. Nicholson, 
Wm. M. Robbins, 
C. A. Richardson, 

CoiiiDiissloiiers. 

The Secretary of War. 



40 GETTYSBUKG NATIONAL MILITAKV I'AKK COMMISSION. 

BLUE I'RINTS SIBMITTKU WITH TllK KKI'OKT OF THE COMMISSION. 

304. — Plan for jakiup: the Taiieytown road from borough line to Meade headqua:. 
ters property. 

30."). — Tract of land belonging to Basil Bicg.s and wife. 

300. — Traet of land belonging to William Patterson and wife. 

307. — Tract of land. No. '•'>. behmging to William Patterson and wife. 

30S. — Tract of land belonging to Calvin P. Krise. 

309. — Cross->ecti<)n of avenne of Antietam Ijattletield. 

310. — Plan of Sedgwick and Sykes avenues and ]»ortion of Kilpatrick avenue. 

311. — Map of Ignited States national cemetry, showing the positions of batteries, 

312. — Gate, of inch pipe. 

313. — Fence, of inch i)ipe. 

314. — Plan of retaining wall along Sykes avenue. 

31"). — Fence of steel tubing and steel wire cables. 

3U>. — Positions of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment on the Gettysburg battlefield. 

317. — Plot of land belonging to Gettysburg W'ater Company, surroiuiding Twenty- 
fifth and Seventy-fifth ( )liio nKHuiment. 

31S. — Blocks in nancock statue jiedestal damaged by lightning July 7, lb'.>7. 

319. — Map showing site of Seventy-third New York monument. 

320. — Plan to connect e luestrian statue of General Hancock with the ground, to 
prevent injury from lightning. 

3'31.^Plan to connect e juestrian statues with the ground, to prevent injury from 
lightning. 

322.— Culi)"s Hill, CI. 

323. — Medicinal Springs. B-2. 

I'HOTOORAPHS SUBMITTED WITH REPORT OK THE COMMISSION. 

Entrance to East Cemetery Hill, showing General Hancock statue and walk. 

Paving in front of East Cemetery Hill. 

Entrance to Slocum aveniie. 

Slocum avenue at Si.xty-sixth Ohio monument. 

Retaining wall along Slocum avenne. 

Retaining wall along Slocum avenue from One hundn-d and fiftieth New York 

monument. 
Slocum avenue from Second Maryland C. S. A. 

Slocum avenue north from One hundred and twenty-third New York monument. 
Sl')cum avenue south from One hundred and twentv third New York monument. 
The walk through Ziegler's (irove, looking north. 

The walk through Ziegler's Grove, showing Butler's Second United States Battery, 
Sedgwick avenue from intersection of United States avenue. 
Sedgwick avenue north. 

Sedgwick avenue north from Wheatfield road. 
Sykes avenue, north side Little Rounil Top. 

Retaining wall along Sykes avenue, north side Little Round Top. 
Sykes avenue, summit Little Ronntl Top. 
Sykes avenue, summit Little Round Top. 
Building retaining wall, south side Little Roiand Top. 
Sykes avenue south along retaining wall. 
Rolling Sykes avenue lietween the Round Tojis. 
(Jrad<(l ro.idway. fool of 15ig Round Top. 
Laying foundation pavement, foot of Big Round Top. 
Ihiching rail at Devils iJen. 

liitcliini,' rail near Devils Den, looking toward Litth^ Round Top. 
TurubuUb F and K Third United States Battery, Emmitsburg road 



ANNUAL KEPOirr FOR 1898 



41 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 1898. 



War Department, 
Gettysburg National Military Park, 

Gettysburg, Pa. , October 1, 189S. 

Sir: Tho Gettysburg- National Park Commission respectfully sub- 
mit the following repoi-t of the progress and condition of their work, 
with some suggestions on what they think necessary for its successful 
prosecution in the future: 

military ayenues. 

Since the last report Crawfoi'd avenue has been completed, leading 
northward from Devil's Den through the Valley of Death and across 
Plum Run to the Wheatfield road. The bridge over Plum Run was 
constructed in the same substantial style as the others which have 
been built on this field. 

The commission, having heretofore given attention to the roads and 
avenues of the park of the second and third days' battlefield, have 
thought it wise this year to look after those on the first day's field, 
and have entered into contracts for the construction of Reynolds and 
Howard avenues, which mark the lines, respectively, of the First and 
Eleventh Corps of the Union Army and are together nearly o miles 
long. Howard avenue is finished. It leads from the IIarris])urg i-oad, 
near Rock Creek, westward by Barlow's Knoll to the Mummasburg 
road ; is 20 feet wide, and constructed on the Telford plan in the best 
manner, like all the avenues on this field. Re.ynolds avenue, which 
is in two sections, will be completed, it is hoped, early next spring. 

A number of other roads and avenues have 1)een mentiinied in 
j)revious reports as urgently needed to render accessible important 
and interesting sections of this gi-eat battlefield. The commissioners 
would have i)ushed them this year but for the lack of ade(|uate means, 
and th.ey will do so as soon as jji-acticable. Among them are the 
avenues on the cavalry field and the road leading thither. 

The commission long since constructed Telford avenues along the 
Confederate battle line of the second and third days' fight on Semi- 
nary Ridge, on each extremity of said line, the left of Hill's Corps 
and the right of Longstreet's, aggregating over 3 miles in length. 
Between these two parts of Confederate avenue there is a gap of 2 
miles (long) along the left of Longstreet's Corps and the right of 
Hill's, across which the commission have been very anxious to con- 
struct a link needed to connect the two extremities aforesaid and thus 
complete the Confederate avenue from the Chambersburg pike north- 
west of the town southward and eastward to Round Top, a distance 
of over 5 miles, 

43 



44 (iETTYSliUKG NATIONAL MILITARY I'AKK COMMISSION. | 

No pari of lliis hallh-rn'ld is iimhc inlorcst iiiir tliaii llu- part covorcd 
1>\ thai j;ap ill llu' C'oiilcdci-atc avt'imr. N<ii only did iiiiportaiit 
iiin\«'iiM'iits<»r thest'cniid day's hatllt' original r llicrc, hut it was there 
llic (■oiilVdcralc coliimii of tin' third day under L(»ii,ii:st reel was formed 
and ln'^'au its a<l\ ancc (»u tiiat liual charge led by Pickett, so sublime 
in its dai-inu: and so traLri<' in its fate 

There is no part of this battlcliidd so inaecessibh- as lliis. Eneuui- 
Ikm-cmI l»y l)usiics an<l briers and cross fences, with not even an open 
footpath over it, visitors here never see this gnjund because they can 
not reach it. 

'IMic oidy reason the commission have not <'onstrueted the avenue 
over it is Itecause llie (Joveinment does not own the land, not liaving 
the riirht of way, and the owners of the land ask such exorbitant 
]>ri<-es foi- it that t he SecretaiT of W ar ami 1 he (•i)mmission do not feel 
justilied in pasinu' t hem. Moi-elhan I wo years ago t he Secretary of 
War authori/e<l and instructe(l 1 he commission to begin a pi-oceeding 
in thecireuit court of the United Slates tocondemn the lands needed 
foi- sai<l avenue, togethei- with some adjacent woodlands, which it was 
important to |)i'eser\<', the wh<»le area being lOo acres, and the said 
I>roeeeding Was begun at oiiee and is still pending. A Jury of vi<'W 
was appointed, inspect«'(l the lands, heard the lestimony otT<'red on 
l)oth sides, and made an award that was liberal to the respondents, 
i-anging from >^\>'> to x:.>(i(t ])or acre, but they appealed to the court in 
teini at rhiladel|>hia and have since resoi-ted to vexatious delays and 
continuances, so that the case is still pendingand undetei'uiined. Thus 
this impoi-tant part of the Confederate lines is prevented from being 
(tl)ene<| and the militaiy positiuuson it fixed and marked as intended 
by t lie ( io\ crnment . 

The <-omnn.ssion wish to emphasize the fact that the main hindi'ance 
to nuirking Confedei-ate lines and positions, not only on the grounds 
Just above spoken of, but on ahnost all of this held, as was the inten- 
tion of Congress in estal)lishing the (Gettysburg National I'ai'k, is 
tliat the lauds whereon said lines an<l jiositions are sit uated are not 
yet owned l>y the ruited Slates. i*rom[)t aetion by the courts in 
condemning the neecled lands when held at exorbitant prices, and 
lil»ei'al ap|)ropriati(Mis by Congress for the i)urehase of lauds which 
can be bought at reasonable rates, are the two main re<iuisites for the 
realization of the patriotic purposes of the Government with reference 
Lo this battlelield. 

MAKKIXC roSlTloNS OF fXION TROOPS. 

'i'he West N'irginia commission have i-ecently ereete(l the following: 
A granite monument to the Seventh West N'irginia Infauti'v on Kast 
( 'emeteiy Hill, and three granite tablets mai'king temp(ti'ary positions 
of this regiment on the lield at dilVeicnt stages of the battle; a 
granite monument t(» the l-'irsl West \ii-ginia Ai-tillery in the 
Nat ional Ceme!4'iy ; a granite nionumeiit to the l-'irst West Virginia 
Ca\alrv on the Taneytow n load south of (ieneral Meade's hea(h|Uar- 
tei-s; a granite monument to the 'i'hird West \irginia Cavalry on 
Ibiforrl avenue. All these monuments were dedicated by appro- 
priate ceremonies on the JSth of September ultimo, attended by the 
governor of that State and his stall' with numy other citizens, and by 
the Secofid Uegiment We.st N'irginia Infantry \'olunteers, which 
marched heic from Camp (ieorge (J. .Meaile foi that purpose. 

TJie Maine ('ummibsion ha\e also, since last lepori, erected stone 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 45 

tablets on Hancock avenue, near the higli-water mark, to show the 
position of tlie Third and Fonrth Maine Infantry Regiments on the 
third da}" of the l)attle. 

The positions of the United States regular troops in this battle, 
consisting of 11 regiments of infantry, 4 regiments of cavalry, and 22 
batteries of artillerj^, have been accurately located and are carefully 
noted on our mai^s, and also on the ground by markers, so that when 
the Government shall take steps to erect monuments to these troops, 
which their gallant services here certainly entitle them to, there will 
he no difficulty in jilacing them. 

MARKING POSITIONS OF CONFEDERATE TROOPS, 

Handsome and durable ii'on tablets with appropriate inscriptions 
are now being erected on substantial iron pillars, designating and 
briefly describing the services rendered by each of the following Con- 
federate batteries, the respective positions of which have been marked 
for some time by mounted guns of like class and caliber as those of 
which each battery was composed, viz: 

Taylor's Virginia l^attery, Woolfolk's Ashland (Va.) Artilleiy, Par- 
ker's Virginia Battery, and Jordan's Bedford (Va.) Artillery, of Alex- 
ander's Battalion. 

Manly's North Carolina Artillery, Fraser's Pulaski (Ga.) Artillery, 
McCarthy's First Richmond Howitzers, and Carlton's Troop (Ga.) 
Artillery, of Cabell's Battalion. 

Bachman's German (S. C. ) Artiller}*, Garden's Palmetto (S. C. ) 
l.ight Artillerv, Latham's Branch (N. C.) Artillery, and Reilly's Rowan 
(N. C.) Artillery, of Henry's Battalion. 

Johnson's Virginia Battery, Rice's Danville (Va.) Artillery, Hurt's 
Hardaway (Ala.) Artillery, and Wallace's Second Rockbridge (Va.) 
Artillery, of Mcintosh's Battalion. 

CHinningham's Powhatan (Va. ) Artillery, Watson's Second Rich- 
mond Howitzers, and Smith's Third Richmond Howitzers, of Dance's 
Battalion. 

The above are all the C-onfederate batteries which occupied posi- 
tions on ground of which the title has yet been acquired by the irnited 
States. 

Inscriptions are l)eing pi-epared and tablets of ii-on similar to those 
mentioned above will shortly be erected to designate the positions and 
In-iefly desciMlje the evolutions and achievements of the following Con- 
federate infantry commands, viz: 

Kershaw's Brigade of McLaws's Division, and each of its component 
regiments, the Second, Third, Seventh, Eighth, and Fifteenth South 
Carolina, and Third South Carolina Battalion. 

Semmes's Brigade of McLaws's Division, with its Tenth, Fiftieth, 
Fifty-first, and Fifty-third Georgia Regiments. 

Anderson's Brigade of Hood's Division, with its Seventh, Eighth, 
Ninth, Eleventh, and Fifty-ninth Georgia Regiments. 

Benning's Brigade of Hood's Division, with its Second, Fifteenth, 
Seventeenth, and Twentieth Georgia Regiments. 

Robertson's Brigade of Hood's Division, with its First, Fourth, and 
Fifth Texas and Third Arkansas Regiments. 

Law's Brigade of Hood's Division, with its Fourth, Fifteenth, Forty- 
fourth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Alabama Regiments. 

The method of marking the positions of troops on this field, as 
approved by the AVar Depai'tment, is to i^lace the princi]ial tablet or 

l(il75— 05 4 



4<) OKTTVSia'Kd NATIONAL MILITAKY PARK COMMISSION. 

nionuiiifiit of cicli comiii.iiKl al i lie posil ion occupiccl l)y IlKM'oiniiiand 
iu llic main line of haltlc, and to inaik llic scvci-al iinpoi'taiit posi- 
ti(tns siil)S0([U('ntly readied l»y each eoniniand in tlie coui-se of the 
baltle l)y sul)oi-dinate and ancillary tablets, with appropriate l>rief 
inscriptions jrivini; interestinu" details and occurrences and noting the 
tlay and liour as nearly as possible. 

The Confedei-ate coniniaiids al»ove nientionecl are the oidy ones 
whose cliiel" positions were upon ui'ound now owned l)y the Unitecj 
Stales, and are, therel"oi-e, the only ones which can be inaiked until the 
(Tovi'rnnu'Ut shall ac(|uire the lands on which they I'oiined and fouuht. 

The conmiission are much ural ilied to notice an awakening of inter- 
est in induent ial <[uarteis among the peo|)le of the Soutlu'rn States 
conceriung this batt lelield au<l the imi»oi-tance of erecting monuments 
to commemorate the hei-(tism of their soldiers liere, as the peoi)le and 
States of the Noi-th haxc done, and it is hopecl that C'ongi-ess will rec- 
ogni/.e and fostei- this praiseworthy sentinu'ut spi'inging up in The 
South by liberal appropriations of the moneys needed to pnrchaseami 
ac»piiie title to the lands on which the Confederate ti'oops operated 
an<l whei-e their monuments must be plaeed. 

The commission will not encumber this repoi-t by going into llie 
detailsof their w<iik or at temi)t ing to specify the many nu nor expenses, 
amounting in tlie aggregate to a considerable sum, which are neces- 
sarily incident to the accomplishment of so gi-eat a design as the estab- 
lishment of the (iettys])urg National Pai-k. They feel wan-ant<Ml in 
declaring that, though yet incoiii])lete, this is already the best marke(l 
battlelicdd in the woi'ld, and to all those who desire to understand the 
chaia<'tei-and the extent of the woi-k done, they say, ''Come and see." 

While the commission are satislied that they could judiciously and 
ec(»nomically use in |)ushing this work during the next year a much 
larger sum, they hereby earnestly re(|Uest ami recommend that not 
li'v^v; than ••<7.">.oo(i be appropriated. 

John I'. Xiciiolson, 
Wm. M. Hobbins, 

C. A. lilCHAKDSON, 

Cominissi())i( rs. 
The SEC'KKTAUY of Wak. 



I.isr o|- ClIoIiMiKAIMlS To M COMl'ANV < nMM ISSli iNKKS' UKl'OKT. 

Howanl avonui'. from Harlow Kiioll. 

H<)War<l avenuo, east from C:trHsle road. 

Howard avenue, west from Carlisle road, showinj? .shoulder .stones. 

Howard avenue, ea.st from .Muiiunasbnri; road, ready for i)avinj?. 

(JtMi. .luliu F. lievnolds statue, ficni the southwest. 

Si>aJ!;,'ler's Sorinjj, foot of ( "nip s Hill. 

IlitchiiiLf rail, Siocum i venue, near Spanglers Sprini;. 

(inanl rail on retainni;; wall. Sloctnn avenue. 

Hitchin;; rail, Sjocimi avenne. sunnnit of ('alpa Hill. 

Style ot stone wall reliuilt liy the comniis.sion on Hancoik aveinie. 

M«j;iil<- avenue, from Taneytown mad. 

Style of pate adojited l>y tJie commission. 

M<ade aveiiui', from n ar Hancock avenne. showing; paved gutter. 

S«idd«'d bank mu .Sedgwick avi-nne. 

So<lded bank on S dgwick avenne near Wheatfield road. 

(tuard rail on retaining wall. Little Round Top. 

S<)dde<l liank. Hoction <!. Confederate avenne. 

Crawford avenue, from Wheatfield roail. 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 47 

Bridge on Crawford avenue over Pkim Run. 

Crawford avenue, from Devil's Den. 

Guard chain and balls and paths at Devil's Den. 

LIST OF BLUE PRINTS TO ACCOMPANY COMMISSIONERS' REPORT. 

324. —Cross sections of the different avenues built on the Gettyslnirg liattlefield. 

325. — Design for Spangler's Spring. 

326. — Plot of land c-onveyed to the United States by George Spangler, on which is 
erected First Maryland. Battery A, monument. 

327.— Perspective and detail drawing of SpangU'r's Spring. 

328. — Plot of land convej'od by Natlianiel Lightner to the United States of America, 
on wliich is erected First New York. Battery M. monument. 

329. — Guard rail on retaining wall along south slope of Sykes avenue. 

330. — Guard rail for retaining wall, north slope of Little Round Top. 

331. — Property of Jacob Masonheimer. 

332.— Seat of observation tower. 

333.— Map showing where Gen. Dani(4 E. Sickles was wounded July 2, l>^Rf?. 

334. — Plot of land conveyed by Samuel Bushman to the United States of America. 

335. — Bridge over Crawford avenue on Plum Run. 

336. — Plot of property conveyed by Samuel O. Robinson to the United States. 

337. — Plot of property of Jacob Masonheinier conveyed, through Samuel O. Rob- 
inson, to the United States of America. 

338.— Field of Longstreefs assault. C-:'. 

339. — Plan of cellar drain at Dougherty's house. 

340. — Width of tires on wagons used for tourists within the Gettysburg National 
Military Park. 

341. — United States ]iroperty and land included within the Sickles liill. 

342.— Property of heirs of Abraham Trostle on the Gettysburg Ijattlefield. 

343. — Hitching rail and posts. 

344. — Drainpipe on avenue. 

345, —Pipe wall, catch-basin, and gutter paving. 

346.— Gate to be used in the Gettysburg National Park. 

347. — Plan of water cart. 

348. — Land company's land. 

349. — Tract of land belonging to ( 'alvin Gilbert on Barlow's Knoll. 

350. — Plot of land belonging to land and improvement company on which to erect 
Reynolds statue. 

351. — Plot of tracts of land belonging to heirs of .J. Bender. 

352. — Plan of Howard avenue. 

353. — Plan of Reynolds avenue, section 1. 

354. — Plan of Reynolds avenue, section 2. 

355. — Map showing obstruction placed in Brooke avenue. Gettysburg battlefield, 
by the Gettysburg Transit Company. 

356. — Plot of land belongnig to hi-irs of J . Bender on Barlow's Knoll. 

357. — Plan of path to summit of Big Round Top. 

358. — West Gettysburg, B-3. 



ANNUAL REPOIiT FOR 1899 



49 



GETTYSHURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 55 

13. — Section Kinzie's Battery L, Fifth United States. 

14.— Rugg's Batt6ry F, Fourth United States, and Kinzie's Battery K, Fifth 
United States. 

15. — Section Taft's Fifth New York (Evergreen Cemetery). 

16.^Dilger's Battery I, First Ohio (National Cemetery). 

17. — Bancroft's Battery G, Fonrth United States (National Cemetery). 

18.— Eakin's Battery H. First United States (National Cemetery). 
I 19. — Hiirs Battery C, First West A^irginia (National Cemetery). 

20. — McCartney's Battery A, First Massachusetts (National Cemetery). 

21.— Hall's Second Maine Battery. 

22.— Edgell's First New Hampshire Battery. 

23. — Breastworks in Patterson fiehl east of Hancock avenue. 
[ 24.— Stone wall rebuilt on Sedgwick avenue. 
I 25.^ — Wheatfield road connecting Sickles avenue. 
! 26. — Path to summit of Big Round Top from avenue. 
I 27. — Path near summit of Big Round Top, 
j 28. — Path near summit of Big Round Top, looking toward base of hill. 

29. — Vista near summit of Big Round Top, showing the Sphinx. 

30. — Law's Brigade tablet, section 5. Confederate avenue. 

31. — Taylor's and Parker's Battery, section 4, Confederate avenue. 
I 33.— Carlton's Battery, section 4, Confederate avenue. 

I LIST OF BLUE PRINTS ACCOMPANYING REPORT, SHOWING SOME OF THE DETAILS 
I OF THE WORK DURING THE YEAR. 

Ij 

j! 359. —Stonework for Menchy's Spring. 
' 360. — Tract belonging to Henry Osborn. 

362.— Tract belonging to Alex. Little. 
! 363. — A monument to mark Camp Letterman. 
' 364. — A monument to mark headquarters Fifth Army Corps. 

365. — Property of heu's of Abraham Trostle. 

366. — Camping ground for Second West Virginia Regiment. 

367.- -Map of Stevens Knoll. 

368. — Map of avenues and roads. 

369. — Position of chain and T)alls on Barlow Knoll. 

370. — Map showing tracts eschanged between William Patterson and Simon J. 
Codori. 

371. — Corps badges. 

372. — Drain pipe on Howard avenue. 

373. — Plot of Fourteenth Connecticut Regiment. 

374. — Cast-iron tablet and stand. 

375. — Corps badges, 

376. — Land and Improvement Company's land. 

377. — Drain pipe near Bryan House. 

878. — Map showing road around Twenty-eighth Massachusetts monument. 

379. — Map showing road around Twenty-eighth Massachusetts monument. 

380. — Grand Army badges. 

•i"^!. — Grand Army badges. 

;"<-. — Plan for piked roadway through Reynolds Grove. 

383. — Orchard on Trostle farm. 

384.— Plan of avenue along south base, Culp's Hill. 

385.- Property of L. Trostle. 

386. — Plan of ground around Reynolds statue. 

387.— Plan of steps on Little Round Top. 

389. — Propertv of Samuel M. Bushman. 
\ 390.— Plan of addition to stable. 

391. — Cross section showing plan for surfacing avenue. 

392.— Avenue from Sykes to Crawford avenue. 

393. — Design for division tablet. 

394. — South Emmitsburg road. ' 

395.— Powers Hill. 

396.— East Gettysburg. 

397. — Map showing line of proposed avenue through Culp's property. 



ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1900 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSKURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 19UU. 



War Department, 
Gettysburg National Park Commission, 

Gettyshimj, Pa., OcfolM' 2, 1900. 
Sir: The conunissioncrs of the Gettysburg National Military Park 
respectfulh" su])ii]it the following report concerning- their work, its 
condition and progress, with some suggestions as to what is needed for 
its further prosecution: 

military avenues. 

The total length of the avenues now on the battlefield, which are all 
constructed on the Telford S3^stem, is nearly 15 miles. An avenue, 
known at present as East Confederate avenue, is just completed from 
the eastern border of the town across the intervening fields to Culp's 
Hill, and around the base of that hill to Spangler's Spring. It is 20 
feet wide and nearly a mile and a half long, and follows substantially 
the battle line of P^welFs C-onfederate C^orps. At its southeastern ter- 
minus it joins Slocum a\'enue, which marks the line of the Twelfth 
Corps along the summit of C-ulp's Hill. 

The land along the suunnit of Seminary Ridge having recently been 
acquired by the conclusion of the long pending condemnation cases, a 
contract has been made for the construction of an avenue 20 feet wide 
and two miles in length along that ridge, and work thereon has begun. 
This avenue follows the Confederate line of battle, and when completed 
the entire line of Longstreet's and TLilFs corps on the second and 
third days of the battle, inchiding the part from which the charge of 
the third day was made, will be indicated and rendered easily accessi- 
ble ]jy a Telford avenue. 

A number of other avenues should l)e constructed on the Telford 
system, among them Buford avenue on the first da3^'s field; another 
along the line of the Twentieth Maine on Vincent's Spur and thence 
to Plum Run Valley and Devil's Den; another along the line of 
Wright's Division from between the Round Tops southeastwardly 
across the Taneytown road, Pleasonton avenue and others connecting 
the cavalry fields and positions, both east and south of Gettysburg, 
with the infantry l)attlefield. 

The Tane3'^town road from the borough line to a point beyond 
General Meade's headquarters should be converted into a Telford 
avenue, and so should the Munmiasburg road from the end of Howard 
avenue to Buford avenue; also the Fairfield road from the south end of 

59 



(*n (;KTTYSHrK<; xational militakv i'akk commission. 

lu'Vii«>l<U iivfiiut' to Coiifrdcratr avfimc: the Wlu'iitlicld n«ul :icro5?s 
the I'titin- hattU'rirkl from cast to west, and the road Iradiii^- from 
Cniw f«>rd avciiiH' to I'liited States avenue. 

POSITIONS (»K TKDOl'S AM) UATTKRTES KSTAlU-TSIlEn AM> MAKKKD. 

( iiiii carria^^t's witli iii'iiintcd otins lia\'t' Imm-ii crrclcd on tin' lidd 
sinct' tlii' last report. 

Tlif section of Calef's battery on KcyiMtlds avenue has Ween marke<l 
l)V t\vo;!-incli i-illcs m(»untedon ir<»n eim carriae-cs and l»y a momiiiicntal 
tablet with an ai)i)roi)riat<' inscrijjtion. 

The section of Smith's New York liatteiy on Crawfoicl a\cnue in 
IMiim Kun \'aih'y has })een marked l)y two lo-pouncU'r I'urrotts mounted 
on iron <,nin <ai'riat:es and by a monumental tablet with an a])|)ro])i-iate 
in>cri|)tion. 

Two additional ;:un carriaecs mounted with Napoleons Iia\«' been 
j)laccd with \\'ilke>()n*s liattcry on Hailow's Knoll. 

Two additional e-iui carriaees mounte(l with I'.-inch rith- have lieen 
placed with Wheeler's ])attery on Howard avenue. 

Two additional e-un carriae^es mounted with Najxtleon^ lia\e been 
placed with nilu'er's l>attery on Howard a\'enue. 

Two additional euii carriai^es mountini with ;Vinch ritles have been 
placed w ith Kcygolds's battei'v on Reynolds aveiuie. 

Two additional t,nui carria<;es mounted with lO-pouiuler I'ari'otts 
ha\t' been placed with Smith's Xe\v Voik t»attei-y on Sickles a\'enue 
neai" Devil's 1 )en. 

Two i^nm carriaees mounted with liinht li'-pounders havi' been placed 
on Hanc<»ck avenue to mark the ])osition of .Vmes's battery, heretofore 
marked by a small stone monument otdy. 

One additional uun carriajic mounted with a Napoleon has been 
])laced witii Heckman's battery at the junction of C'arlisle and Lincoln 
sti-eels in ( iettysburii-. 

Thei-e are now iJiJ;") mounted euns on the battlcMcld. all ol' which 
have been placed by this commission. 

Mounted <4'ims had bc^en placed on the liehl l»efore the (Jo\frnment 
took char^n- of it. but the cari'iaj^es were pooily «'onstructed and the 
lX^i\\> not of the >ame kind as those used in the battl(>. Now eun car- 
ria^'es constructed entirely of iron, closcdy icsendiline- the wooderl 
carriaj^n-s have been sulistituted for the old, imi)erfect ones, and ai'c 
al»o usecl for the many additional batteries set up by the conuuission; 
and the «_fun- nioiinteil on (>\ cry battei-y of the lield are of the same 
«'lassan<l calilicr a-- w eir used in t he bat t le by each battery, respect ively. 

lAiu.Krs. 

Since the la>I repoit the follow iiiL;- tal)lets have been set up. \ i/.: 
.Monumental taldets of iron w itli appr()|)riat«' inscriptions ha\e been 
i'rectcfl on the knoll west <d" IMiim liun Valley and neai" 'I'he W'heat- 
tiejd. to mark tin- |)ositions of the Second, Third, Fourth, Si.xth, Sev- 
enth, 'I'enth. Kiev cut h. Twelfth. Fourteenth, and Seventeenth recri- 
ment.s. Fnited Stale-, infantiy, of liurbank's and Pay's brijrades, 
.Vyres's di\ ision. 

I he positions of I he follow ini^" ( 'onfeilerate bi-ij^ades of I". w ell's C'orp.s 
haxcbecri marked by iiioiuunental taltleis of iron erected along East 



aETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 01 

Confederate avenue, with appropriate inscriptions deseri])ino- the part 
each took in the battle, with its numlwrs and losses, viz: 

Jones's Viroinia brii-ade, Nicholls's Louisiana brigade, Stuart's Vir- 
ginia, North Carolina, and Maryland brigades, Walker's Virginia bri- 
gade of Johnson's division. 

Hoke's North Carolina brigade, Hays's Louisiana brigade. Smith's 
Virginia brigade, Gordon's Georgia brigade of Early's division. 

Daniel's North Carolina brigade, O'Neal's Alabama brigade of Rodes's 
division. 

Avenue tablets as follows: Four on Howard avenue, i on Reynolds 
avenue, 2 on Doubleday avenue, 1 on Robinson avenue, 1 on Wads- 
worth avenue, 1 on Neill avenue, 2 on Geary avenue, 1 on Coster 
avenue, 2 on Crawford avenue. 

Caution tablets as follows: Five on Howard avenue, 2 on Doubleday 
avenue, 1 on Robinson avenue, 1 on Wadsworth avenue, '2 on Rey- 
nolds avenue, 2 on Gearv avenue. 

Direction and distance tablets have been placed, 1 on each of the 5 
observation towers, giving the true direction and distances of each and 
all of the most important features and positions on the Held as seen 
from each tower, respectively. 

Tal)lets ha^'e been erected mai'king important historic places on the 
battleheld, viz: Spangler's Spring, Gulp's Hill, Stevens Knoll, Fast 
Cemetery Hill, Ziegler's Grove, Rr^'an -House, The Angle, Georye 
Weikert House, Trostle House, Fxcelsior Field, The Loop, Devil's 
Den, Little Round Top, The AVheattield (2), Barlow's Knoll, Oak 
Ridge, Reynolds AVoods. 

There have also been erected on all the roads radiating from Gettys- 
burg, 12 in all, handsome tal)lets of iron giving the distances to neigh- 
boring towns and villages more or less cormected Avith the story of the 
battle, viz: ^ 

On the Chambcrslnirg pike from Gettysburg to Cashtown; from 
Gettvs))urg to Chambers) >urg. 

On the Hagerstown I'oad from Gettyslnirg to Faii'lield; from Gettys- 
l)urg to Monterey; from Gettysburg to Waynesboro; from Gettys- 
burg to Hagerstown. 

On the Emmitsburg road from Gettysburg to Enunitsl)ur(>-, 

On the Taney town road from Gettysburg to Taney town. 

On the Baltimore pike from Gettysburg to Two Taverns: from 
Gettysburg to Littlestown; from Gettysburg to Westminster; from 
Gettysl)urg to Baltimore. 

On HanoA'er road from Gettysburg' to Cavalry Field; from Gettys- 
burg to Bonneauville; from Gettysburg to Hanover. 

On York pike from Gettysburg to New Oxford; from Gettysburg 
to York. 

On Hunterstown road from Gettyslnirg to Hunterstown. 

On Harrisburg road from Gettysburg to Heidlersburg; from Gettys- 
burg to York Springs; from Gettysburg to Harrisburg. 

On Carlisle road from Gettysl)urg to Carlisle. • 

On Newville i-oad from Gettysburg to Newville. 

On Mummasburg road from Gettysburg to Mummasbuig; from 
Gettysburg to Arendtsville. 

The number of tablets erected since last report is 80, and total now 
on the field 310. 

16175—05 5 



<>2 GETTYSBUK(; NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 

W(>i:k of engineer's department. 

The Kiii,MiK'i'r, Licul. Col. K. B. C'upo. and his assistants, have coii- 
timu'd their surveys within the limits of the hatth^tield, and maps of 
the an-a surveyed have been drawn, traced, and blue printed. They 
iia\ e also in pro«rr«'ss a map drawn u])on a scale of <)(>0 feet to the inch. 
«'inl»racin<jf the piiiicipal o})erations of both armies on this field. This 
map will lie 1.") inches lon^- and 2'.» inches wide, embracinji' IT sipiare 
miles, with e\t'ry detail of topojiraphy accurately repicsented. 

It is the jjurpose of the commission to have the positions of every 
liattt IV. battalion, regiment, Itrij^ade, and di\ ision at each hour of the 
battle accurately placeil upon the nccessai'y number of co])ies of this 
map. vi/: 

Nine coj)ies showinj^" positions of ti"oo])s at each hour from 1» a. m. to 
i> p. m. of the lirst day's battle. 

TwcKe copies showin<:" positioll■^ of troojis at each hour I'roiii !• a. m. 
lo '.' p. m. of the second day's liattle. 

I'dui'leeii coj)ies sliowiuii" positions of tr(>oi>-> at each hour fi-om 4 
a. m. to .') ]». m. of the third day's battle. 

The whole area embraced in this map has been surxcyed and the map 
itself will be completed in the early pai't of the comint,^ winter, so that 
the ]K)sitit)ns of the troops can be placed u|»oii it. 

I'KESEIIN 1N<; AM) UKSIOUINd TIIK KIELD. 

Much Work . has been and is beinj^' done to restore and preserx c the 
ft-atures of the battlelield as they existed at the time of the battle. 
This inchKles the repaiiinc- and rebuilding' of the stone fences and 
walls which seized as important military (U'fenses, the restoring and 
])reser\ atioii of buildings, also the renewal of forests where they have 
Iteen cut away since the battle. Thousands of youni;" trees ha\e l)ecn 
l)lanted I'm- {\n^ i)urpo>e and are erowine- lintdy. ^luch care is also 
taken to preserye aiul keep in «roo(l condition the forests which existed 
at the time (»f the battle on lands since ac(|uired and now owned ))V the 
(iovernment. Particular care is also taken to a\"oid cuttincf away an<l 
chani.'-inj,'- the natui'al surface of the jri'oinid when constructiue- the 
a\ enues. Foitunately the lines of both ai'iuies mainly occu))ied ridj^'es, 
slope>. and \alleys of such charactei' that a\«'nues can be constructed 
so as to foIlt»w those lines closely without s(MMously distii^uriui;- the 
•.'■roiuid with cuts and tills in u'ladiiiL:". ( 'onlracts also hav<' been made 
foi- j)rocurin^- the material and buildine- lo.ooo feet of post and rail 
fencin<; to inclo>e sundry tracts of (io\-ernment land, and likewise for 
furnishiii'.'- the structural steel tuldni."- and er(>ctine- pi\ie fences -where 
needed alonj^' the 'i'elford a\ enue-. 

ACi.illsn K >N (•!■ LANDS. 

.\> previously incMtioned. the title to the live tiacts of land on S iii- 
riaiy KidM-e embraced in the condeuniation cases has at lentith been 
secured to the rnilcd States. One of the respondents .some time since 
withijrew from the contest, executed conveyance of his tract, and was 
paid the sum awarded him by the jury. The other respondents, havine- 
sou<,dit u new tiial and failed to sc-ciiiH' it, bein«i- served with a rule to 
show cause why the court should not render jud^iuent vcstine- in the 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 63 

United States the title to their respective^ tracts of lands and dlrecthiji,- 
the money awarded therefor by tlie jury to be paid into court for 
them, ceased to contend further and consented to such judgnient, which 
has now been rendered and executed. These live tracts contain 105.79 
acres on Seminary Ridge, where an avenue 2 miles long is now being 
constructed, as previously mentioned herein. 

Since the last report 22 acres of land lying along the north side of 
United States avenue and embracing important military positions have 
been purchased from the Swisher heirs. 

Also 4().!)5 acres have been purchased from the Culp heirs, and it is 
upon this land, tog(>ther with a tract previously purchased from »S. M. 
Bushman, that the East C-onfederate avenue has just been constructed. 

Also the Francis Althofi' tract of 12. T6 acres and the Basil Biggs 
tract of 4:8 acres, both tracts purchased, but the conveyances have not 
yet been delivered. 

There are other important tracts and parcels of land which should 
be owned by the United States, ])ut the acquisition of them must await 
further appropriations ])y Congress. 

There are also certain tracts and parcels of land which should by all 
means be ac(]uired ])y the Government, in order to prevent them from 
l)eing put to uses such as are contemplated by the owners, which would 
seriously mar and disfigure the park and ])attlelield, and they can not 
be acquired by purchase except at prices aljsurdly exorbitant, but must 
be secured, if at all, by condemnation. Such proceedings will be insti- 
tuted by the commission, with the approval of the Secretary of War. 
Part of the appropriation which has been asked for by the commission 
for the next tiscal year is asked for with a view to the institution of 
such proceedings, which is of vital importance. 

The commission are proud to be able to say that the multitudes of 
visitors who throng the Gettysburg National Park, including thousands 
of veterans of both armies that fought here, are not only unanimous 
in approving the Government\s design to make this Imttletield a splendid 
monument to American valor, but are equally emphatic in their com- 
mendation of the manner in which that design is being carried out. 

(Resolutions expressing commendation of the work are attached.) 

The commission asks for an appropriation of $80,000 for the next 
year, and they earnestly hope that the sum appropriated may not fall 
below that. 

Respectfully, 

John P. Nicholson, CliairnKin^ 
Wm. M. Robbins, 
Charles A. Richardson, 

Coiiiiiiissioners. 

The Secretary of War. 



RESOLUTIONS OF ARMY VETERAN ASSOCIATIONS. 

Annuai^ Meetinc; of the Third Army Corps Union, 

(lellj/shi(r(/, Pa., May 2^2, 1900. 

[Minutes— Ex trad.] 
* * * -:<- * * * 

The veterans of the Third Corps of the Army of the Potoinae, having revisited the 
battletield of Gettysburg and observed the restoration of the -field and its earthworks 



r)4 (iKTTVSHrUC; NATIONAI- MILITAin PARK COMMISSION, 

ami till' tal>lt't.< aii'l laiiiKHi t<> iiiili«aU> the ])(>>iitii>ns and lanvcitu'iits of tr(M>]>s, ami 
tlu' iKTiiiaiu'iit avi'iuu-s almij,' or ni-ar tlu- lines of l)attle .so f^ratled ami const riictetl as 
to make the most ilitiicnit part of tiie lieM aecessible, <lu tlierelore now at the annual 
meetini: of the Thinl Armv Corps I'nion, held at (iettysburjr, Pa., this 2lM dav of 
May, 1~«H), 

fitsiilml. That we lierehy expn-ss our lii.i,'h appreciation of tlie work done by the 
(iettysbur;; National I'ark Connaission as to its thorouL'lniess, ix-rmanence, economy, 
aceunicy, and appropriateness, and tiiat we ask Congress to make lilieral appropria- 
titins sntlicient toeiialile tlie commission to secure the hunls needed for the park and 
to comjilcte at an early day the work provided for l>y the national-park act. 

JosKi'H 11. TwKiiKi.i,, I'n'xidehi. 

W.M. II. IJoWAKO, >'((•;•(//(;•(/. 



Socii-rrv OK rni: Akmv oi- vwv. I'otomac 

lMS(MKKI)|N<iS OK rilK I 1 1 1 K lY-KI i;.sr A.VN|T.\I, KKlMoN oK TMK SOCIirrV OK TnK AKMV 
oK TMK roToMAC, XT KKEnEIUCKSlU'KC, VA., MAY 'J5-2t), IIKM). 

[Kxtnict.] 

******* 

The foUowin;; was unanimously ailojiteil: 

"The Society of tiie .\rmy of tiu' i'otomac wishes to t-xpress to the Secretary of 
War its ;rreat ajipreciation of the work accomplished by the War Department on tlic 
(lettysbur;; liattielield, and to commend the I'nited States eonnnission, Col. John I'. 
.Nidiolsou, Maj. William M. Kobbins, and Maj. (.'harles A. Richardson, for the 
faithfulness with wliich tiiey have j)reserveil ami are markintr the lines of battle of 
the .\rmy f>f thi' I'otomac and the .\rmy of Northern Vir;:inia, and making avemies 
M the liiLrhest character, ami the skill with wiiich the entire work is beinji done. 

"The society if^ks that the continntMl aid ')f Con^'re.<s be <riven to the eonnnission 
that they may be enabled to complete the great undertaking consistent with its con- 
ception and so make the National Memorial I'ark at liettysburg wortiiy of the fame 
of the men wlio fou<_'ht tiiere in ISliH.'' 



lIoivAiiti ( '. Ki.N(;, Strnliir;/. 



W. J. Siiwia,!,, J'rexidriil. 



Tiiiiti v-Koi lii II An.mai. Encami'.mknt ok tmk 
I>kc\i;tmk\t ok 1'kn.nsvlva.m a, (ika.nd .\k.mv ok tui; Ukimiii.ic, 

(jtltifnl/urij, I'd., ,/itiic(J-7, lOt 



1000. 

IKxnn.i. 



» « ♦ ■ » » 

"l;>Ki>liril, Tluit we have noted with great .satisfaction the progress of the work of 
the I'nited .*<tntes conunis,>^ion on the battlefield of ( iettysburg, ami we earnestiv com- 
mi-nd their great work to the Secretary of War and to tiie Congress of tiie ('nited 
!<lati>s, and we ho|M- that liberal appropriations may be made to acipiire and to 
improve the lands lu-ces.siry to complete tiie admirable j)laus which the eommi.ssion 
ha.- adopted. 

" lii'«ih,il. That copies of the foregoing resolution 1)0 properly attested and for- 
warded to the .S'<Te*ary of War antl to the presiding ollieers o( the Ilou.sesof Con- 
irre**.-." 

Tl,.. r..^..\„i\..,,., ^ ,.,.,; 1 1 »„.! 



irre**.-. 
The resolutions wen- imanimously atlopted. 



,Ias. I". .MoKuisoN, t oiiniitinder 

Tuos. .1. ."STKWAKT, 

Actijyj ,lw/.i/<if(/ Ailjulnnt-ihueraL 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. G5 



[Extract from the proceedings of the Thirtv-fourth National Encampment, Grand Army of the 
Republic, held at Chicsigo, 111., August 29 and 30, 1900.] 

THE REPORT OF THE COMMITI'EE ON RESOLUTIONS. 

The committee recommended that the following, submitted l)y Past Commander 
in ('hief Wagner, l)e adopted, and the recommendation was concurred in: 

"The Tliirty-lourtli National Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, desires to 
l)ut u])on record the following statement of the condition of the work of marking the 
battlefield of Gettysbtirg, and to congratulate the United States conmiission having 
charge of the work upon its successful prosecution: 

"We also respectfully recjuest the Congress of the United States to make continued 
li))eral appropriation for the further necessary securing of the land occupied by tiie 
armies lighting this liattle and for the proper marking thereof." 

UNITED STATES PROPERTY IN THE GETTYSBURti NATIONAL PARK, ALSO TIIE PROGRESS OF 
THE WORK IN MARKING THE BATTLEFIELD BY TIIE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL PARK 
COMMISSION. 

One thousand two hundred and twenty-one acres of land have lieen acquired by 
tlie commission, upon which have been erected by States and military organizations 
447 monuments, principally granite and of large dimensions and appropriate designs. 

Twenty-four Telford avenues, 13 miles long in the aggregate, have been completed 
l)y the commission. 

One Telford avenue is under construction 1 J- miles long; another Telford avenue, 
2 miles long, is about to be placed under contract. 

By the spring of 1901 there will l)e completed 16 miles and oYcr of the very best 
quality of Telford avenues upon the Held. 

Twenty-two avenues 14 miles in length are j'et to be built to c<imi)lete the road 
system contemplated. 

Five steel towers have been erected, and 96 battery jiositions have lieen marked 
with 225 guns mounted upon iron gun carriages. 

Two hundred and ninety-five tablets of large size and ai^propriate design have been 
set up to mark the positions of Confederate batteries, battalions, regiments, and 
brigades. 

Two hundred and iifty-four stones, mounted with shells, 10 inch and 13 inch, have 
been set up for various purposes on the field, 2)articularly to protect the curves of 
avenues. 

Leo Rassieur, CmnDiandcr in CIdef. 

Frank M. Sterrett, Adjtitdvt-G'eiin'nl. 



LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS TO ACCOMPANY COMMISSION S REPORT. 

Hurt's Hardaway (Alabama) Artillery of Whitworth guns in Shultz's Grove. 

Style of tablet adopted showing distance to other towns. 

Cunningliani's battery, Seminary avenue. 

Dilger's First Ohio Battery, Howard avenue. 

Stevens Knoll, showing position for statue to General Slocum. 

Spangler's Spring, foot of Culji's Hill. 

Entrance to East Confederate avenue from Slocum avenue. 

Style of tablet adopted to mark historical places. 

Smith's Fourth New York Battery, west of Devil's Den. 

Section of Smith's Fourth New York Battery, Crawford avenue. 

Semmes's brigade tal)let. Confederate avenue, section 4. 

Benning's brigade tablet. Confederate avenue, section 5. 

Twelfth United States Infantry tablet. Day's brigade, in grove soutli of Wheat- 
field. 

Eleventh United States Jnfantrv tablet, Burbank's brigade, in grove south ot 
Wheatfield. 

Tablet marking Excelsior field. 



M OKTTYSBURd NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 



LIST ol- IIHK PRINTS ACCOMPANYINn HEPOIIT OF 1900. 

.■;m^. -I'lan ni avi'iiiio tlnon-rli Unitod States ami >[asonheiiuer proptTtieH. 

399. — Position of Fourti'i-iitli WTinont inoiimiieiit. 

4(X). — Map sliowiiii,' propi-rty of F. Althull' and surrounding United .States pro]ieriifv 

401. — I'ropertv of Swisher heirs. 

402.— Property of Francis A. Althoff. 

40:i. — Tracts of land heionj^ing to heirs of Ileiirv ("ulp. 

404.— Mi<ldle Willonghhy Knn, C— 2. 

4()'>. — I'osition on (.'nip's Hill of the One lumdred and forty-sevonth Xew York 

marker. 
40t>. — l'ropo.«e<l avenue around First Vermont Cavalry monument. 
407. —.Ma|i show inv' all the property of the Ciettysburg Springs and Hotel Company 

.>iouth of the Fairlield road. 
40S. — Plan of culverts 1 and 2 to he built on avenue through ("ulp property. 
409. — Plan of arch bridge over Culp's Run. 
4U\ — Tract of lantl belonging to heirs of Henry Culp. 
411. — Post for fencing. 

412. — I'lan of avenue through Culp proiterty. 
4i;i — (late adopted for the (iettysburg National Park. 
414. — Proposed jiiking of the inter.-^ection of Fast Middle and Liberty streets at the 

entrance to Fast Confederate avenue. 
41"). — Design for bridge on Reynolds avenue over Western Maryland Railroail. 
4i(>. — l'ro|ierty of (ieorge E. Stock in I)Utler townshij). 
417. — Stonework for the spring on Hancock avenue. 
418. — Maj. (ien. Daniel E. Sickles wounded July 2, 1803, marker. 
419. — Lands belonging to the Fred. Pfeffer heirs near Ziegler's (^rove. 
420. — Plan of boring holes in iron posts on retaining walls. 
421. — Plan of Confederate avenue along Seminary Ridge from section 1 to section 4 

"Wheat-lieM road. 



ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1901 



67 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMLSSION TO THE SECRETARY OFWAR, l!)(ll. 



War Departiment, 
Gettysburg National Park Commission, 

Geftyd>a,y, Pa., October 1. 1901. 
Sir: The cominissiotior.s of the (xettysburo- National Park respect- 
fully su))niit the following- report of the condition and prog-ress of 
their work, with suggestions as to what is needed for its further pros- 
ecution. In accordance with your recent order, this report, unlike all 
previous ones, does not include our work to the present date, ])ut to 
the end of the fiscal year, June 30, IDOl. 

military avenues. 

The avenue known at present as West Confederate avenue and men- 
tioned in our last report as being under contract has been completed. 
Like all the avenues, it is con.structed on the T'elford system and will 
last for centuries. It is 20 feet wide and over 2 miles long, running 
from the Hager.stown road near the seminary southward along Semi- 
nary Ridge, following the Confederate battle line of the second and 
third days, and for the first time rendering perfectly accessible to vis- 
itors the ground on which the Confederate column was formed and 
started on its charge of the third da\\ The southern terminus of this 
.avenue is at the Wheattield road, and there it makes connection with 
an avenue, also 2 miles in length and similar in construction, running 
along-the line of General Long-street on the second day, and then curv- 
ing eastward to Round Top. It may not be amiss, as it shows the 
durable character of these works, to state the fact that the last-men- 
tioned avenue was constructed six years ago, has been in use ever since, 
scarcely cost one cent for repairs, and is, if possible, in better condition 
to-da}^ than when the Government received it from the contractor. 

The completion of the West Confederate avenue not only makes 
accessible the lines and positions of the Confederate infantry and 
artillery on Seminary Ridge, Init opens up a more satisfactory view of 
a large part of the battlefield, including some of the most import'.uit 
and interesting" Union positions, thereby enal)ling' the military critic 
better than ever before to study the scene of the great conflict and many 
of its more prominent features from various points of observation. 

Pleasonton avenue has been laid out by the engineer and is now being- 
constructed. It runs from Hancock avenue, near the point where 
General Hancock was wounded, eastward to the headquarters of the 
cavalry on the Taneytown road, al)out one-third of a mile. The total 

69 



70 OETTY^^BURG T^ATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 

IciiMlli (if the :i\('mu's now ou tlir huttlclicUl. all constriictt'd on the 
'rtllord plan, is alxmt ItJ.V iiiilos. 

A iiuinlttT of othiT avomios should l>e consiiuctccl, anion^- them 
liufonl avniiu' on the lirst day's field, ant)thei- aloni^- the line of the 
Twentieth Maine on \'ineent\s Spur of Little Round Top and th(Micc 
to IMuiu Kun \'allev and Devil's Den. another alon*>- the line of 
^\'l•i^•ht"s Division, the left of the Sixth Corps, from between the 
KouikI Tops southeastwardly aeross the Taneytown road, and others 
(•onne<'tinii" the «'a\alrv hattleticdds tind ])ositions, hoth east and south 
of ( Ifttyslturj:', with the hattleliidd of the infantry. 

I'nder i)ermit of the Secretary of A\'ar. the Taneytown road, from 
the horoULi'li line of Gettysburo- to a jwint beyond Cieneral Meade's 
head<iuarters. will soon l)c converted into a Telford avenue. The 
same, in our judii'ment, should be done with the Mummasl)uro; road 
fi-om the western end of Howard avenue to Buford a^■eml(^ also the 
Ilau'erstown road fi'om the southern end of Kevnolds avenue to the 
Confrdcrate a\'enue on Seminary Kidu-e, als(j the Wheatfiidd road 
across the entire battletield from east to west and the road leadinj^' 
from C'niwford avemie to I'nited States avenue. 

MOM'MKXTAL TAliLKTS. 

The llanks of the I'nion and of thi' Confederati; armies respect i\'ely 
have Iteen lixed and marked by iron tal>lets with suitable inscriptions. 

The i)osition of the One hundred and forty-eiuhth Pennsylvania 
KcLiimcnt on Hancock a\eiuie on the third day of the battle has been 
established and will soon ))e indicated by an a])i)it)priate and durable 
marker. 

The s])<)t where (Jen. Daniel E. Sickles was wounded, on the even- 
in«^' of the second day, has bei'u indicated by a handsome o-i-anite 
marker with an ai)propriate inscri])tion. 

Thii-teen handsome and dural)le itinerary tablets ha\'e been erected 
at a similar number of towns and \ illai;(>s within a day's march of 
(lettysbur^'-, with inscriptions settin*;- forth the movements of the 
several corps, divisions, and minor bodies of troops constitutinti" the 
I'nion Army on the days immediately l>efore and after the battle, 
and sj)ecif"yine- (he date and the hour of siu-h movemiMits, respecti\ely. 

Preparations are beine- made to erect similai' tablets at suitable 
points settinir forth in like manner tin* mo\'em(Mits. durino* the same 
period, of the st'veral bodies of troops composine- the Confederate 
army. 

1 listorieal taltlet> of iron are beine" ])reparet| and will soon bt> ei'ected 
alouLf the recently completed ( 'onfederate a\ cnue on Seminarx" Kide'e, 
to mark the resj)ecti\-e positions of Hai-ksdale"s Mississippi l)rieade 
and \\ ollord's ( ie(Meia Brie'ade, of McLaw's i)i\ision; of Kempei-"s. 
(tarnett's. and .\i'mi>tea(rs \'ireinia brieades of l*i('kett"s Division; of 
\\'ilco\\ Alaliama. I'eiry's Florida, AVrieht's (ieorijia, Posey's Missis- 
sippi, ami .Mahone's \'ireinia bi'ioades of Anderson's Division; of 
.Vi'cher's TefMiessee. Petti^'-rew's North Carolina, Davis's Mississippi 
and North Carolina, and lirockenl>roue-h's Vireinia brisji'ades of Heth's 
I )ivision; of Scalcs's North ( arolina. Lane's North ( arolina, .Met iowan's 
South ('arolina, and Thomas's (ieor<,na brijiades of Pendei-'s Division. 
'I he tablets contain carefully ])i'e|)ar(Ml inscriptions desciildne- the |)ait 
taken in the battle b\ each lu'iu-ade. an<l statine- its numbers and losses. 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 71 

Guns of the same class and caliber as those which composed each of 
the batteries are also being placed along that avenue to indicate the 
position of each battery, viz: 

Moody's Batter}', 24-pounder howitzers. 

Rhett's and Patterson's batteries, 12-pounder howitzers. 

Stribling's Battery, 20-pounder Parrotts. 

Winglield's Battery, 3-inch Navy Parrotts. 

Macon's, Ross's, Marye's, and Brander's batteries, lO-ponnder Parrotts. 

Wyatt's, Zimmerman's, Grandy's, Lewis's, Maurin's, and Grittin's batteries, 

3-inch rifles. 
Miller's, Squires's, Richardson's, Norcom's, Caskie's, I>lonnt's, Ward's, 

Brooke's, Graham's, Crenshaw's, Mc(rraw's, and Moore's ))atteries. 

Napoleons. 

The gun carriages are wholly of iron, and they are immova])le, 
being fastened to large stones grouted in the ground. Historical 
tablets of iron are placed by every battery and artillery battalion, with 
inscriptions recording the part each took in the battle, the number of 
rounds lired, the losses suffered, and other interesting details. 

WORK OF engineers' DEPARTMENT — MAPS. 

In addition to the multiplicit}" of other important duties and services 
of the engineer, Lieut. Col. E. B. Cope, and his assistants, which have 
been faithfully performed in the office and on the field, two large maps 
of the battletield. on a scale of 600 feet to the inch, and embracing an 
area of 17 sijuare miles, have been completed. One of them shows the 
topography of the battletield with accitracv in every detail as it was in 
1863 when the battle was fought, and on this the commission purpose 
having correctly indicated the positions of the troops on both sides 
engaged in the battle for every hour of July 1, 2, and 8, 1868. The 
other map, besides the topography in general, shows the timber, 
streams, fences, rocks, ])uildings, mounted guns, avenues, monuments, 
in short, everything on the battlefield as it is at the present time. 

Much work has been and is still being done to restore in all respects 
the l)attlefield as it was at the time of the Ijattle. One of the most 
important tasks is the preservation and restoration of the forests as 
they existed then, and much has been done toward accomplishing this 
object. Much has also been done toward rebuilding the stone fences 
inclosing the fields, nearly all of which served as breastworks and 
defenses for the troops of one or the other of the armies during the 
battle. Many thousands of yards of these stone fences and walls have 
been restored, a large portion of them during the present year. 

WATER DRAINS ALONGSIDE THE AVENUES. 

After constructing the Telford avenues along the lines of battle, as 
the ground here is almost all undulating, although, fortunately, in 
most places on the battle lines not steep, it was found absolutely need- 
ful to have good water drains along at least one, if not both sides of 
every avenue at almost all points, in order to prevent continual damage 
to them by washing from the frequent heavy rains. Fortunately we 
found on Big Round Top a well-nigh inexhaustible supply of stones 
of the exact size and thickness required to pave neatly and durabl3% 
and without great expense or trouble, the drains alongside of ou)' 
avenues, and elsewhere on the field where needed, and much of this 
work has been done this yeai', with most satisfactory results. 



(JKTTYSJUIM NATIONAL MILITARY TAKK COMMISSION. 



CUAKOS. 

Tlicir iirc tivc reoiiliirly omployed o;ii;irds or watchineii on the battle- 
lii'ld. W'l' liiivc fouiul tliciu nocossarv to pl•('^'t'^t dcscciatioM and 
injuiv of till' |)ul)lif works on tlic hattlcticUf l>y tliouj^litlcs.s or niis- 
(■lil('V(»us visitoi-s. and pai-tu-ulaily tli(^ mutilation of nionunicnts l)y 
tlif >aci-ili'ii'ious relic hunters that soinrtiuics infest tiie tfi'ounds with 
the sense of reverenee wholly unde\eloped. 

A<'(,>risrrn»N oi' lands. 

Since our last report conveyances ha\(! l)een executed foi- tlie Francis 
Altholt' tiact of IlM') acres lyiny at the, iiead of Plum Run N'alley and 
adjoininjif the " \Vheattield," and also for the Basil Hie«>s tract of 48 
acres lyin.ijf hetween Hancock avenue and the Taneytown road, a short 
distance south of (ieneral Meade's headtpiarters. 

A parcel of land has been ])urchased from Peter Swishei-, containinjr 
:iA'2 acnvs, situated aloni>; the eastei'n side of Sedgwick a\emu'. and on 
which were the head(|uarters of hoth (ieneral Sedgwick and General 
Sykes. just north of Little Round Top. And anothei' parcel has also 
l)een purchased from said SwishiM*. containint'* tt.2Uacri's, situated west 
of Sed>,^wick aveiuie and adjoinino- the Althoff tract and Plum Run 
^'allev. Numerous jjiilitary movements took place on it. and its 
possession l)v the United States was important. 

A proceeding:", api)i<)ve(l by the Department, was l)eeun since our 
last report to condemn a i)arcel of land containiuL;- about li' acre's, situ- 
jtted near the l)e\ iPs Di-n and l)etween the Round Tojjs. It is thickly 
covered with larj^'c bowlders and quite valueless intrinsically, luit there 
was sever" ti«;"hting" on and over it in the afternoon of the second da}'. 
-Moi-eover. its owner has permitted it to ])ecome the .scene of revelries 
which many rij^lit-minded peo[)le consider a desecration of the j^round 
consecrated by the blood of hundreds of heroes and pati'i(^ts. The pro- 
ceedine- was Ix'oun under the jurisdiction of the United States circuit 
court for the eastern district of Pennsylvania at JMiiladelphia, which 
apj)ointed and (|uaUii<'d the jury of view; l)ut the case was rcMuoved 
to the court of tlie middle district of Pennsylvania at Ilarrisbuitr, Pa., 
upon the creation of that distri«-t by tln^ last Uoni^ress. The juiy of 
\ lew inspected the laml and heard evidence' in the case at (ictt vsburf*- 
on the Ttli of May and i-endered their verdict of >>(j. !.')(> for the respond- 
ent, who has taken an appeal to the court in tei-UL The Park Com- 
mission have also a|)pe:iled on behalf of the United States, and the case 
stands for heaiin^- at the next term of the court. 

There an* also other tracts and parcels of land which may have to 
be coiidenMied and ac(|iiired by the ( Jox crnnient to ])revent them from 

beinw- j,ul to u-e- by tl wners which would distio-ure the battlefield. 

and thi-y can not be purchased except at such exorl)itarit liu'-ures as no 
jiiiy of \ iew Would sanction. 

In conclii>i<.n, the Connnission repeat that the thousands of visitors 
who throng-- the ( Jeltysbiiro- National Park, includitii,^ <rn>at numl»ersof 
veli-rans from all sections of our country, em])liatically approve th(^ 
(JoNernnient's desiw-n to make this battlefield an enduriiief momunent 
to .\inerican \ alor. and are trratitied to sec how successfully that desi<,ni 
is iM'iii;,'- realized. 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 73 

The coinini.ssioii respectful h" ;isk for an iq)[)ropri!ition of 't^75,()00 
for the next fiscal year. 
Respectfully, 

John P. Nicholson, 

('haii'iiian, 
Wm, M, Kobbins, 
Charles A. Richardson, 

Cor}ivii88ioncrs. 
The Secretary of War. 



LIST OK RLUK PRINTS ACCOMPANYINCi REPORT OK 1901. 

422.— Property conveyed by Simon J. C'odori to <iettysburg Sjn'ings and Hotel ('<iin- 

pany. 
42o. — Design for monument. 
424. — ]Ma]) sliowing the jn'operty of W. H. Tipton on the Gettysburg battletield and 

tlie occupation of said property by the troops of both armies (hiring the 

battle; also location of said property with reference to the lands of the 

National Park. 
425. — Bryan farm to be attached to lease. 
426. — Biggs farm to be attached to lease. . 
427. — Masonheimer farm to 1)6 attached to lease. 
428. — Smith farm to be attached to lease. 
429. — Trostle farm to l)e attached to lease. 
430.^Weikert farm to be attached to lease. 

431. — Tracts of land belonging to Peter D. Swisher. ;- 

432. — Gettysljurg battlefield, reduced scale. 

433. — Plan for filling Quarry Hole in Trostle Held along United States avenue. 
434. — Pitzer's schoolhouse, D-2. 
435. — South Taneytown road, E-4. 
436. — jNIap of (Tettys])urg battlefield, 600-foot scale. 
437.— South ('avalry Held, F-2. 
438.— North Rock Creek, A-4. 
439.— North Jliddle, A-3. 
440.— Herr Tavern, A-2. 
441. — Hanover road, B-5. 
442.— Wolf Hill, C-5. 
443. — East Baltimore pike, D-5. 
444. — Map showing the location of buildings on the Wm. H. Tipton property on the 

battlefield of Gettvsburg. 
445.— South Rock Creek, E-5. 
446. — Peach orchard and wheat fiel<l, D-3. 
447. — Map of Gettysburg battlefield 600 feet, as it was in 1863. 
448. — Plan of Pleasoiiton avenue from Hancock avenue to Taneytown road. 
449. — Property of J. Emory Bair and Calvin (Gilbert. 
450. — Property of heirs of Frederick G. Pfeffer, tract 4. 
451. — Plan of Chamberlain avenue over Little Round Top. 

Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Commandery of 

THE State of Colorado. 

Col. John P. Nicholson. 

Dear Sir: At the stated meeting of this commandery held Feliruary 2, 1901, Com- 
panion Westbrook S. Decker offered the following resolution: 

^'Resolved, That the members of this commandery of the Loyal Legion desire to 
convey to the Secretary of War their deep ai)preciation and gratitude for what has 
been accomplished l)y the War Department on the battlefield of Gettysburg. The 
faithful and skillful work of Col. John P. Ni('holson, Maj. William M. Robbins, and 
Maj. Charles A. RichardvSon, the United States Commission, in locating and jn-eserv- 
ing the lines of battle and the laying out of avenues on those lines is worthy of the 
highest commendation. This commandery, appreciating the splendid work already 
done and realizing that the work has not reached completion, hope that the said 



74 OETTYSKURG >fATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 

im'ml)ers of the C'oimnissifin bo retaiiiod and that said Commission receive the con- j 
timii*«l sui>j)<irt of Congress, to tlie einl that tlie National Memorial Park may be ! 
coiiiiili'tcil as ori<:i nail V designed and a lit memorial of the brave men who fought on ' 
that historic iiel<l." 

The resolution was unanimously aiiontcd. 

S. K. IIOOPEH, 

CiDinnander. 
J. 1\. Savili.k, 
liecorder. 



1 1 1: \iii<r AKTKits Coui'oUAi, Skici.i.v Post No. !(, (t. A. R., 

Gettvsbckg, Pa. 
Thr IIoMoraMc Tlic Skckktakv of Waij, 

]Vii.<hwjton, D. <:.: 
At a regular meeting of Corporal 8kelly Post No. !», G. A. K., Department of 
Penn.'jylvania, held January 14, li>01, it was 

'' Jiesiilinl, Tluit it was (">rdy right and i)roper that the soldiers of the late war of 
the rebellion living here on this most j-emarkable battU'lield should add their com- 
mendation to the many tributes of respect and esteem already sent to you in behalf 
of the commissioners who have charge of the great work now going on under their 
able supervision. XW- therefore esteem it a great pleasure to commend in the 
highest terms tlie substantial maimer in which the work is conducted by your com- 
missioners, and as ex-soldiers ami now citizens of (Jettysljurg and vicinity we do 
most respi'ctfully pmy that you will recommen<l a liberal apjiropriation for this 
<"iettysl)nrg National Park, that your connuissioners may be in a position to secure 
the much needi'd property to eomplete the great task they ha-ve undertaken." 
Uy order of the Post: 

.Sl.MON P. Stovkk, 

I'ost Commander. 
Attest: Wm. U. liiee, 

Pod A'ljidinil. 



l.IST OK I'MOTOOKAIMIS TO ACCOMPANY CO.MMISSIONEU's liKI'OKI', l!t()l. 

1. — liriilge ovi'r Cul|>'s Run, East Confederate avenue. 

2. — Culvert No. 1, Kast Confederate avenue. 

3. — East Confederate aveuiie, showing paved gutter. 

4. — Culvert No. 2, East Confederate avenue. 

5. — East Confederate avenue, showing breastworks of Jones's brigade relniilt. 

(5. — East Confedi'rate avenue, looking north. 

7. — Smith's Brigade C. S. A., tablet. East Confederate avenue. 

8. — Hancock avenue, looking south, showing new tulie fence. 

9. — Hancock avemie, looking north, showing new tnl)e fence. 
10. — Sedgwick avenue, stone wall rel)uilt through Weikert farm. 
11. — Sedgwick avi-nu", new fence and stone wall n-built along Swisher Held. 
12. — Marker where ( ieneral Sickhs was woundeil, and Trostle liarn. 
i;?. — Marker erected where Maj. (Jen. I). K. Sickles was wounded. 
14. — WheatfieM road, showing jiaved gutter and new jjo.st fence. 
ir>. — Ple:isonton avemie, showing foundation stones. 
1«>. — West Confeilenite avemie, showing foundation stones. 
17. — I'^ist Cavalry Held, < iregg avenue. 
IS. — I'jist Cavalry Held, Ca\alry shaft. 

l!t.- I'"^ist Cavalry Held, Handoi's Batteries II and (I, l-iist I'. S. Artillery. 
20.— Statue to John Fiurns on Stone avemie. 

21.— Hrandt-r's Virginia liattery ( betclier Artillery I , West Coiifeilerate avenue. 
22. — Plea.'Jonton avemie. looking east. 

2;'..— .Mary»-'s Uatlery (the I'redericksburg .\rtillerv). West Confederate avemie. 
24.— Wanl's Mi.-sissippi i?attery ( Madi.«on bight Artillery), West Confe<lerate avenue. 
2-''-— West Confederate avenue, showing Eirst Vermontand Eiist New York monu- 
ments in I'it/.er Woods. 
2i>.— West Confederate a\emie, looking north from Pitzer Woods. 
-"•—\\'**'t<'<"ifederate avenue, lookingsouth, showing batteries of Dearing's Battalion. 
-"^•— ^Vcst Confederate avenue, looking south, showing batteries of Eslileinan's Bat- 
talion. 



ANNUAL RErORT FOR 1902 



75 



ANNUAL EEPOrvT OF THE GETTYSBURd NATIONAL MFLTTARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 19(12. 



War Department, 
Gettysburg National Military Park Commission, 

'Gttty.^xmj, Pa., Aagud 1, 1902. 
Sir: The Gettysburf^ National MiHtary Park Commission respect- 
fuH}' snlmiit the t'oHowing report of their work, its progress during- 
the past year and its present condition, with suggestions as to wliat is 
needed for its further prosecution. 

MILITARY avenues. 

Pleasonton avenue, which was in course of construction at the date 
of our last report, was completed soon thereafter. It runs eastward 
from Hancock avenue near the point where General Hancock was 
wounded to the headciuarters of the Union cavalry on the Tanej'town 
road. 

Chamberlain and Warren avenues have also been constructed. The 
former runs southward from near the summit of Little Round Top 
along the crest of Vincent Spur and the ])attle line of the Union troops 
in their defense of that position in the afternoon of July 2, 1S08, and 
then, curving down the slope, connects with Sykes avenue in the gap 
between Round Top and Little Round Top. Warren avenue starts 
from Sykes avenue at that same point and runs westward along the 
base of Little Round Top to Plum Run Valley and crossing that run 
joins Crawford avenue near the Devil's Den. 

Buford avenue is now under contract, and the work upon it is pro- 
ceeding and will soon be completed. It runs from the north end of 
Reynolds avenue in a northwesterly direction to the Mumraasburg 
road along the line of the Union cavalry which menaced the left tiank 
of the Confederate forces as they advanced into the tirst day's battle. 

These avenues, like all others on the Held, are constructed on the 
Telford plan in the most durable style, and will last for centuries. 
The total length of the Telford avenues now constructed on the field is 
about 17 miles. 

There are several others which should be constructed, among them 
Wright avenue along the line of Wright's Division, on the left of 
Sedgwick's Corps, from between the Round Tops southeastwai'dly 
across the Taneytown road; another along the lines of Aleredith's and 
Stone's brigades on the first day's tield; one also on Oak Hill and 
vicinity, where the infantry and artillery of Rodes's Division of 
Ewell's Corps debouched and took position in the first day's battle, 
and another leading from the Hanover road east of Rock Creek to 
Benner's Hill, where a number of Confederate batteries were posted 
on the second and third days. 

16175—05 tj ''' 



78 GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY TARK COMMISSION. 

Two Hvcnuos of no oToat longth have I)oom projected in and near the 
•' \\ lieatlield."" one riiiining from the AN'heattield road, near IMinn Kuu 
\'allev. southward alont>- the lino of th(> Pennsylvania Keserves (o 
SieUles avenue: the other stai'ting from Sickles avenue and runnino- 
alonii' the I'nion line in the southwest hoi-der of the Wheattield; then 
erossinti" the \\'ostein Hi'anch of Plum Run and foUowinj;^ the line of 
(Jenei-al Brooke's hri^ade on the summit of Kose Hill. Avenues are 
also needi'd to connect the cavalry hattlelields l)oth east and south of 
(lettysl)ury- with the hattlelield of the infantry. In sonic of the cases 
nientioned (he (lovermnent owns the land; in others it will be neces- 
sary to ac(|uii'e the lands on which to construct the pi'oposed tivenues. 

'i'he legislature of Pennsylvania hayinu' o-i-anted to the United States 
the ritiht to convert public roads into Telford avcMiues within the limits 
of tlu' battlefield, the Secretary of War has authorized this to be done 
on the Taneytown road, as it will soon be, from the ])orough line of 
(lettysbu)-<i- to a point south of (icneral Meade's head(|uarters. The 
same should be done on the Munnnasl)urti- road from Howard avenue 
to lUiford a\'enue; also the Fairfield or Haj^erstown road from the 
south end of Reynolds avenue to West Confederate avenue; also the 
road leiuliuL;- from the north end of Crawford avtMuie to United States 
aveime, and the so-called A\'heatlield road running from east to west 
across the entire l)attlclield. 

TABLETS AM) (il'XS. 

Since our last rejiort monumenlal tat»lets ha\e IxM-n pr(>])ai'ed and 
erected alonj^" the Confederate a\('ime on Seminary Rido-(^ to mark the 
p'ositions of each and all the Confederate ttrii^ades which occui)ied tiiat 
i-itli;-e from the Wheal Held road on the ri»ilit to the IlaytM-stown road 
on the left, viz: Barksdale's Mississippi and \\'oll'or(rs Creoi-oiu bri- 
gades of McLaw's Division; Kemper's, (Jaiiiett's. and Armistead's 
Viriiinia brigades of Pickett's Division; Wilcox's Alabama, Pei'rv's 
Florida. \\'rio-ht's Geor«^'ia, Posey's Mississippi, and Mahone's Vii-oinia 
brii^ades of Anderson's Division; Archer's Tennessee. Pettij^rew's 
North Carolina, Davis's Mississippi and North Carolina, and Prock 
enbrouiih's \'iro-inia l)ri<»"ades of Moth's Division, connnanded there by 
(leneral Pottit^-rew; Scales's and Lane's North Carolina. McCowan's 
South Carolina, and Thomas's (Jeoroia brigades of Pender's Division. 
These tablets, like all the other monumental tablets on the held, are 
3fi by '2>f feet in dimensions, with caivfuliy pi'opared inscription> 
cast in raised letters describing the part taken in the l)attle by each 
brigade and stating its numbers and losses so far as prai-ticable to 
obtain. They are mounted t)n iron pillars about H feet high, grouted 
in the ground, and the t!il)lots are inclined at a suitable angle so 
that the inscri|)t ions can easily be read by persons ritling or drixing 
on the aveiuie. 

(runs of like class and calilier with those whii-h composed the several 
batteries along the avenue have Ixmmi mounted there in the ros])ective 
jjosition- occupied by the batteries, viz. two batteries of 

.\i.i:\.\ni)i:i{"h maitalkin. 

M IvV I'.atterv, "Tlic ^FiKlisnn (La.) Arfillorv." 

Kli.tl ^ Hattcry, '•Tlic lin.ok.s (S. C.) Artillery'." 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MIHTAKY PARK COMMISSION, 7\) 



ESULEMAN S BATTALION. 



Millers's, Pqiiiref^'s, Ricluinlson's, and Noirom's batteries, "The Wasliinutou 
(La.) Artillery." 



DEARINCi S BATTALION. 



Stribling's Battery, "The Farquier Artillery." 
Caskie's Battery, "The Hampton Artillery." 
Rlacoii's Battery, "The Richmond Fayette Artillery." 
Blount's (Va.) Battery. 

i'OA( i ue' s ]i a tta lion. 

Ward's Battery, "The Madison (Miss.) Artillery." 
Brooke's (Va. ) Battery. 

Wvatt's Battery, "The Albemarle (Va.) Artillery." 
Graham's Battery, "The Charlotte (N. C.) Artillery." 

lane's battalion. 

Patterson's, Wingtieid's, and Ross's batteries, "The8amter (Ga.) Artillery." 

pegram' s battalion. 

Marye's Battery, "The Frederieksburij Artillery." 
Crenshaw's (Va.) Battery. 

Zimmerman's Battery, "The Pee Dee Artillery." 
McGraw's Battery, "The Purcell Artillery." 
Brander's Battery, "The Letcher Artillery." 

oarnett's battalion. 

Grandy's Battery, "The Norfolk Light Artillery Blues." 
Moore's Battery, "The Huger Artillery." 
Lewis's Battery, "The Lewis Artillery." 
Maurin's Battery, ''The Donaldsonyiile Artillery," 

dance's battalion. 

Grithn's Battery, "The Salem Artillery." 

The guns uiounted to mark the position.s of the al)ove-named batteries 
are 24 Napoleons, 15 3-inch rifles, 11 10-pounder Parrotts, -4 iiO-pounder 
Parrotts, 4: 12-pounder howitzers, and 2 21:-pounder howitzers; in all, 
HO g-uns. Iron tablets of the same dimensions as those of the infantry 
l)rigades are erected for each artillery battalion and each battery with 
inscriptions briefly recording the services rendered l)y each in the 
})attle, the numljer of rounds tired, the losses suffered, and other 
important facts. 

Nine itinerary tablets have been erected on East Cemetery Hill, 
along the Baltimore pike, descril)ing the movements and positions of 
the Union Army and each of the commands comprising it on each 
day from June 29 to Jul}' 7, 1863. 

Ten Confederate itinerary tablets, for which the inscri])tions have 
been prepared, are now being cast and will be erected at a suitable 
point alongside of the Confederate avenue on Seminary Ridge. They 
will record the movements of the Confederate Army and its several 
corps, divisions, and brigades on each day from ffune 26, 1863, when 
the last of its forces crossed the Potomac into Maryland, until after the 
close of the battle and the retreat of the Confederates from Gettys- 
burg, July 5, 1863. 



80 GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY I'ARK COMMISSION. 

The iiioiiimicnlal tahlct.s erected this year to mark the positions and 
record the services of infantry l)rijia(Uvs and of ai'tiUery l)attalions and 
batteries, toti'ether with the itineraiy tal)K'ts of the Union and Confed- 
erate conunands, are 84 in nninher. 

The nnndxM- of unns. I'nion and C'onfe(h'rate. which have been 
tniiiintcd lt\- the ("onnnission on this ticld to (hite is 2'.»0. 

WOKK OF KNClNKKIi's DKI'AltTMENT. 

There have l)een const ructed on the lie Id Si^ miles of pipe fencin<:- 
and o\ I'r .') mih's of [)ost and rail fencinti", a lar<ie part of hotii having- 
l)een done this year. Nearly 4 miles of stone walls and stone fences 
have also been rebnilt. much of them during- the i)ast year. Nearly 
all of these served as breastworks and def(Mises in the battle either 
for I'nion or Confederate troops. There have also Ixmmi nearl}' 5 miles 
of «i-utters or drains alonj^sidc the Telford avenues ])aved with stones 
in a durable manner. 

Besides attendino- to the many other duties devolvino* upon him, 
l)oth in theolliceand on the tield, the eno-ineer, Lieut. Col. E, B. Cope, 
and iiis assistants, have l)een enoaji'ed in mappiiiii' the l)attletield. A 
map of the lirst day's held has been completed showing with accui'acy 
an(l distinctness tiie positions and movements of each conunand, 
whether of infantiw. ca\alrv, or artillery. oH both the I'nion and 
Confederate ai'mies at each and every hour of that day. The same 
will be done with reference to the other two daYs of the battle. 

MONUMENTS. 

The Hancock ecpiestrian statue, which was struck by liyiitninu' and 
the pedestal damaLi-ed, has been taken down by the\'an Amrintic (iran- 
ite Company and is beinii" repaired. This is beino- dom* at the expense 
of the State of PcMuisylvania. 

On Stevens Knoll a foundtition has been laid and a pedestal erected, 
u|)on which will shortly ))e placed an equestrian statue of Maj. Gen. 
llenrv W. Slocum, at tlie expense of the State of New York. 

Two moiuunents of stone have been erected a short distance east of 
Sedgwick avenue, one markin»' the position of Candy's Bri^jade of 
(ieary's Division in tln^ evenino- of .lulv 1, 1S()8, and the other the 
head(juarters of (Jenei-al Sykes, conmiaiuler of the Fifth Corps. 

A stone momnuent has b(HMi placed alouiiside of Ihuu-ock avenue to 
mark the ])ositi()n of the One hunilred and forty-eighth Kc.u'iment of 
Pennsylvania Infantry of .July ;>, 18(')8. 

A bronze statue has also been I'rected on Stone avcMiue. just north of 
Keynolds Woods, at the expense of the State of Pennsyhania, in 
honor of .John Burns, a <'iti/eii of (iettysbnrg, who, though To years 
old. took his musket aii<l went out into the lirst day's battle and wtis 
severely wounded. 

ACOUISITIONS OK r,ANl)S. 

The jiroceeding, which was pending at the dat(^ of our report of VMH, 
for the condenniation of a parcel of land containing al)out I'J acres, 
situate bctwerii the Kouiid Tops and not fai' from the Devil's Den. has 
>ince been concluded by the ou ner of the land withdrawing his appeal 



(lETTYSBURd NATIONAL MILITARY l»ARK COMMISSION. 81 

from the verdict of the jury of view which awarded him $6,150. This 
money has been paid, the title made to tiie Government, and Warren 
avenue, which ha.s «ince been constructed, runs across said land. 

Eight acres of hind situate on the slope of Seminary Kidge, adjacent 
to the Union line in the first day's battle, has been purchased from 
Martin Winter, the owner, for $2,500, and the title made to the Gov- 
ernment. 

Condenmation proceedings have been l)egun, with the approval of 
the Department, for the condemnation of four small paix-els of land, 
containing in all al)out 10 acres, situate on both sitles of Hancock 
avenue, near Ziegler's grove, and occupied at times during the battle 
by Union connnands. The case has already been l)efore a jury of view, 
composed of excellent citizens, who awarded t)5,l>75 for the land. 
From this award the owner appealed to the United States circuit court 
for the middle district of Pennsylvania, and there the matter is now 
pending and will doubtless be disposed of at the next term of said 
court. 

The Commission is gratiiied to say that tens of thousands of visitors 
from all sections of the country continue to throng the Gettysburg- 
National Park, and are unstinted in their approbation of the Govern- 
ment's purpose to make of this field a great national monument and 
of the manner in which that purpose is being carried out. 
Respectfully, 

John P. Nicholson, 

CJut i7vaan . 
Wm. M. Robbins, 
Chas. a. Richardson, 

Conuiiltiiiluners. 
The Secretary op War. 



LIST OF BLUEPRINTS TO ACCOMPAXY REPORT OF 1902. 

452. — Field fif Longstreet's assault, July 3, 1863, with troops. 

453. — Foundation for the One hundred and forty-eighth Penns^dvania marker. 

454. — Plan of Buford avenue, from Reynolds avenue to Mummasburg road. 

455. — Property 01 .Tolm Kosensteel along Wheattield roa<l on tlie(Tettysburg battlefield. 

456. — Map showing the location of the John Burns statue. 

457. — One hundred and forty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry marker. 

458. — Plan of jNIeredith avenue, from property line on Springs road to Cliambersburg 

pike. 
459. — Plan showing proposed repairs to Hancock pedestal. 
460. — Plan showing ])roposed repairs to capstone on Hancock pedestal. 
461. — Rock l)ase for the John Burns statue. 
462. — Bridge over Plum Run at Devil's Den. 
463. — West end of the Memorial Church. 
464. — Map showing the jiositions of the infantry, artillery, and cavalry. United States 

Army, on the l)attleiield of (iettysburg. 
465. — Plan of Chamberlain and Warren avenues. 
466.- — Property of George E. Stock on the Hanover road, showing land needed to 

mark Andrew's Artillery Battalion. 
467. — Map showing location of monument erected to Brig. Gen. S. K. Zook in the 

wheat field. 
468. — Plan of roller and storage house. 
468j.- — Woods belonging to Sarah A. C. Plank. 
469. — Woods belonging to B. F. Redding. 

469J. — Tracts of land belonging to Gettysburg Springs and Hotel Company. 
470. — Plan of storage and roller building. 
471. — Storage and roller building. 



82 (;KriVSHl'U(J NATIONAL MILITARY I'AliK COMMISSION. 

471'. — Tal)lets orcotod In' tho Commission in various towns. 

473. — Tal)k'ts at Littlestown and Two Taverns. 

474. — rnl)lic s()uaro, llanovrr, Pa. 

47'). — I^md ronveyed l)y J. IVnder to tlu> rnited States. 

47G. — Tract of land conveyed Ijy J. S. Forney to the Uniteil States. 

LIST OK I'lIOTOOK.MMlS TO .\( fOMr.VXY KKl'OKT OK IDOL*. 

1. — One hundred and forty-eij^htli Pennsylvania marker, Hancock avcmie. 

2. — Fifth Oirps lu'ad<inarters marker. 

:i— Candy's Bri>;ade marker. 

4. — Wall west t»f Scdjrwiek avenue, lookinj; south. 

5. — KntrancetoChamhcrlain avemiefrom below Forty-fourth New York monument. 

I). — Chand)erlam avenue l<ii>kin<; south, showiniz Twentieth .Maine and Round.Top. 

7. — Chand)erlain avenue luokinjf north, showing Twentieth Maine. 

S. — Warren avenni' west from Sykes avenue. 

il. — Warren aveime i-ast from railroad. 
10. — View of bridge over Plum Kim, luukinji; north. 
11. — View of bridjie over Plum Run, lookinj;: south. 
112. — Itinerarv tal)lets in front Juist Cemeterv Jlill. 



ANNUAL REPOIIT FOIJ 1903 



88 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OE WAR, l!)l)3. 



Wak Department, 
Gettysbuimj National Park Commission, 

Getty Surg ^ Pa., Augutit 1^ 1903. 
Sir: The Gettysburg National Park Commission submit the follow- 
ing report of their work, its progress during tlie past year, and its 
present conditio?!, with some suggestions as to what is needed for its 
further proseciution : 

military avenues. 

Buford avenue, mentioned in our last report as being in course of 
construction, has been completed. It runs from Reynolds avenue 
northwestward to the Mummasl)urg road along the line of the Union 
cavalry, which threatened the left ilank of the Confederate infantry as 
it advanced into the tir.st day's battle. 

Stone avenue, which runs along the line of the Bucktail Ijrigade 
from the Chambersburg pike to Reynolds woods, has been constructed. 

Meredith avenue, which runs along the line of the Iron Brigade 
through Reynolds woods, has been completed to the southern border 
of those woods, but its further progress to a junction with Reynolds 
avenue, a distance of only 800 feet, has been thwarted for the present 
by the receivers of a speculative so-called "land improvement com- 
pany," who refuse to grant i-ight of way over, or convey title to, 
the small strip of land needed for said avenue except upon such inad- 
missible terms and conditions that very likely the Commission may 
have to institute condemnation proceedings in order to secure title to 
said land for the United States. 

Wright avenue has been put under contract and its construction 
begun. It runs from the southern base of Little Round Top across 
the eastern slope of Big Round Top, and then curves eastward and 
extends to the Taneytown road, following the lines of RusselTs and 
Grant's brigades of the Sixth Union Army Corps, these brigades hav- 
ing been placed in that position to guard against a possible Hank 
movement of the Confederates around the south side of Round Top. 

Several other avenues should be constructed, among them one run- 
ning from the Wheattield road near Plum Run along the line of the 
Pennsylvania reserves to Sickles avenue; another starting from a 
point on Sickles avenue and running across the western branch of 

85 



8(i (iKTTVSlU'K(4 NATIONAL MILITARY I'AKK COMMISSION. 

riiiiii Kun aiul ulono- the line of General Brooke's brigade on the sum- 
mit of Rose Hill; another runnino- from the npper end of Crawford 
aveiuH' northward to Tnited States avcnne, and another along the 
("oiitVdcratc line of hatth' on the eavalry l)attl('li(dd. The lands on 
whieh tliesf a\rnut's will he located belong now to the I'nited States. 
There shonld bean avenue on Oak Hill and viciinty following the 
lines and indicating the positions of the infantry and artillery of 
Rodes's division of EwelPs Confederate army corps as tiiey debouched 
in a direction so threatening to the right flaidv of Reynolds's corps on 
the lirst day's Held; also an avenue running from the Hanover road 
east of Rock Creek to BiMUiers Hill. when> a number of Confederate 
batteries were posted on the second and third days. The lands needed 
for the two last-mentioned avenues have not yet been, but should be, 
ac(|uired by the United States, as also the grounds on both Oak Hill 
and Benners Hill, whereon the Confederate troops de]doyed and the 
batteries were operated. There should be a good road constructed 
from Gettysburg to the cavalry battletield, about 8 miles east of the 
town, whithei- tlu^ ])resent routes are extremely unsatisfactory. 

TABLETS AND GUNS. 

(lun carriages have ])een inu-cliased and guns mounted thereon during 
the year as follows: 

One 10-pounder Parrott to Manrin's l)attery. 

Two Napoleons to Lewis's l)atteiv. 

One .S-inch rille to Moore's battery. 

One lO-ponnder Parrott to ^Moore's battery. 

Two I2-poan(ler howitzers to Grandy'.s battery. 

Two Xajujleons to P>raniler's l)attery. 

Two Napoleons to !\IeGraw's battery. 

Two .S-iiuh rifles to Zinmiernian's l)attery. 

Two 12-ix)Un(ler howitzers to Crenshaw's battery. 

Two Napolef)ns to Marye's battery. 

One 10-ponniler Parrott to "Wyatt's battery. 

Six 12-pounder howitzers of Poague's artillery battalion mounted 
in their old lunettes on the west side of Confederate avenue, north of 
S})angler's woods. 

The number of guns. Union and Confederate, which have l)een 
mounted on the field by the Connuission is 811. 

The ten Confederate itinerary tablets which were beino- ciist at the 
date of our last report have since been finished and erectea on the west 
side of the Confederate avenue on Seminary Ridge near the junction 
of s'aid avenue with the Fairfield road. They record the location and 
movements of the several corps, divisions, and brigades of the Confed- 
erate army on each and every day from .lune 2t!, 1S()8. Avhen the last 
of its forces ci'ossed the Potomac info Maryland, mitil after the close 
of the battle and the retreat of tiie Confederates from Gettysburg 
July T), l,st;8. 

'I'here hav(> also hcM-n cast and erected along the avenues during this 
year twenty-three of what may he termed guide tablets, designed to 
give useful hints and directions to ])ersons driving over the tield. 

The munber of metallic tablets of all kinds which have been erected 
on the hattlefij'ld up to this date is ■iri'A). 

The lands accjuired by the Connuission prior to our last report 
amounted to l.,'2[)lAb4:l acres. There have been acquired during the 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 87 

ACQUISITION OF LANDS. 

past year iiino different tracts of land, several of them lieing- (|nite 
^mall in area, but each embracing- an important historic point on the 
battlefield. The larg-est one, containing 33 acres, lies on the ca^'alry 
I battlefield, it being- the ground on which the Confederate cavalry and 
artillery formed their lines and posted their batteries, a large portion 
of it being covered with its native forest, which should be preserved. 

Another tract of over 10 acres lies just in rear of General Hood's 
line of battle of the second day. This also is covered with native 
forest, important to be presc^'ved, but which would have been destroyed 
ere this If our C/onmiission had not saved it by purchasing- the land. 

Another small tract, of 2i acres, lies on the eastern slope of Big 
Jiound Top, and its purchase was necessary to complete the line of 
Wright avenue. 

Another acquisition, consisting of four small tracts amounting in all 
to over 10 acres, lies on both sides of Hancock avenue near its northern 
terminus, and the Commission felt in duty bound to secure it to pre- 
vent its being- converted into a brickyard and put to other uses which 
would seriously mar and disfigure a very important and interesting- 
portion of the ])attlefield. It has been secured for the Government, 
although in order to do so it l^ecame necessary to resort to condemna- 
tion proceedings. 

The whole area of the lands now owned by the United States at 
Gett3^sburg- is 1,319.3518 acres, or 2.108 square miles. 

There are a num];)er of other tracts and parcels of land on the battle- 
field which should be secured for the Government in order to complete 
the Gettysburg National Park as it should be done. The Commission 
is now seeking-, under the supervision of the War D(^.partment, to 
secure for the United States certain lands considei-ed important for 
the proper development of the pai;k and the preservation of the battle- 
field as it was in 18G3. 

SURFACE OF THE FIELD. 

By far the larger portion of the battlefield retains its forests and 
cleared lands very much as they were in 1863, but a few important 
sections of the field have, since that date, been denuded of their 
forests. In several places where the trees have been only partially 
cut away nature is rapidly restoring- the forest l)y a fresh undergrowth; 
but where the ground has been left entirely bare, our Commission is 
taking- much pains to reforest it. A great number of forest trees 
have been planted since the establishment of the national park — 5,000 
planted during the past year — and are growing- fine. 

On our application, through the Secretary of War, to the Chief of 
the Bureau of Forestry, Mr. H. B. Kempton, of that Bureau, came 
here early in M'ly of this year, and made an examination for the pur- 
pose of determining what portions of the park should be reforested 
and how it could best be done, and of reporting- his conclusions. His 
report has not yet been received. 

But, even if no better plan is devised than our Commission has fol- 
lowed, that of planting- on the denuded grounds a large number of 
forest trees each year, it will not be a great while until the battle- 



8S (JHTTYSHTHC NATIONAL MILITARY I'AKK COMMISSION. 

tiokl will be restored, as to Held and I'orest, lo the sauie eoiidition 
substantially as at the date of the battle. 

As has b(>eii stated in ])revious reports, great care is taken in layin^ 
out avenues, to avoid, as far as possible, locating- them where their 
consti'uction would necessitate uuich uiarrino* of tlie surface of the 
oround in order to grade them i)ropeily. Fortunately this has not 
caused sei-jous embari'assment on the Held of (tettysbm-g, l>cc:uise the 
lines of l)attl(> of l)oth armies Avei'e usually formed along the sunuuits 
of ridges and, in constructing the avenues along the battle lines, little 
dill'ercnrc of all il tide anus found and no heavy grading was required. 

MOMMENTS. 



ei 



An e(|iiestrian statue ol' Maj. (Jen. Henry W. Sloeiuu has l)een 

ected by the New York State Commission on the summit of Stevens's 
Knoll, and its dedication on September 20. 15)02, was attended by many 
veterans of his conunand — the Seventh New York Infantry — and 
detachments of United States regulars. 

The e(|uestrian statue of ^Nfaj. (tcu. W'inheld S. Hancock on East 
C'enieterv Hill, which had Ixhmi dismounted because of injuries to the 
])i'(U'slal and ca])stone l)y lightning, has 1)een restored to its position, 
the injuries ha\ing l)een I'cpaired at the expense of the Connuonwealth 
of Pennsylvania. 

A monumental tablet, with suitable inscription, has been erected at 
th(^ expense of the association specially interested in it, east of Hancock 
avenue in the tield of the Meade statue, to mark the position of the 
One hundrcnl and fourteenth I'ennsvlvania Infantrv on the third dav 
.*jf the buttle. 

The monument and guns of the First New York Light Artillery 
(Fitzhugh's ])attery) ha\e been moved, with the approval of the Secre- 
tary of War. fi-om its fo)-m(>r location near the junction of Hancock 
and Plcasonton avenues to a i)osition on Hancock avenue to the left of 
the Fie\-enth New York Battery, upon satisfactory proof that this was 
the true positioji. The work of removal Avas done entirely at the 
expense of Colonel Fitzhugh. 

AVOKK OF engineers' DEPARTMENT. 

There has been erected on the ti(>ld, prior to this year. 44,850 feet of 
pijjc feiu-ing, and, during this year, 12.500 feet, making 57, '^50 feet in 
all, or nearly 11 miles: and a contract has been made for the erection 
of <)\er 2 miles more. 

Of post and rail fencing there has bi-cii heretofore erected iMj.t'd^O 
feet. and. during this yeai-. [0.500 feet, making .17.120 feet in all. or 
inoie than 7 miles. 

Of stone fences. 2l.21'2 feet ha\e been rel)uilt i)rior to the present 
year. and. during this year. 2,775 feet, making 24.067 feet in all, or 
more than 4.^ nules. 

'I'here are on the l)altletield o\cr I'.t miles of 'i'elford a\-enues iilong 
the battle lines, and the drain>an(l gutters along them are being paved 
wherever needed. Fp to the pi'esent time ;{5.000 feet, or o\ cr t". miles, 
(•f this paving ha> been done in the most durable sty li-. An almost 
unlimited supply of excellent Hat stones, suited for this purpose, was 
found on the westei-n >loi)e of Big Round Top: and the avenues, with 
their gutters and drains paved therewith, will indeed last for years, 
scarcely neediuL'' any lepaiis. 



(lETTYSBUKG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 89 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

I 

A storage ])uilding', for the shelter and protection ot" the steam rollers, 
mowers, and other tools and implements belonging to the United States 
and used on the held, has been erected near the jiniction of Pleasonton 
avenue with the Taneytown road. 

The Connnission has ad\'ertised for l)ids to coustruct an iron bridge 
of ami:)le span and height over the Western Maryland Railroad on 
Reynolds avenue, and a number of bids have l)een received but none 
as yet accepted. 

An act of the legislature of Pennsylvania having conceded the privi- 
lege of converting any or all of the public roads on this battlefield into 
Telford pikes or avenues, and a permit ha\'ing lieen granted our Com- 
mission to do this as to the Tan(\yt()wn road from the town line south- 
ward at least as far as General Meade's headquarters, and also the 
Wheattield road fi'om Plum Run Valley across the battlefield to West 
Confederate avenue, it is our purpose to make these two improvements 
at as early a date as practicable. 

Without undertaking- to specify more fully all the details of interest 
respecting our work, we conclude this report with the statement of a 
fact very gratifying to us — that, of the many thousands of visitors 
from all sections of our country who throng the Gettysburg National 
Park each year, all express their hearty approval of the manner in 
which the (irovernment of the United States is making of this battle- 
field a splendid and enduring national monument. 
Respectfully, 

John P. Nicholson, 

Wm. M. Robbins, 
Chas. a. Richardson, 

Commisxion' rx. 
The Secretary of War. 



tlilrty-tiiird reunion of the sociity^ of the army of the 

poto:\iac'. 

Gettysburo, Pa., Heptein})tr 19 (lud ,.'0, 190^. 

****** * 

Oen. James A. Beaver. Mr. Chairman: I would like to offer a resolution, in view 
of the fact that we are in session at Gettysburg, and that is to commend the work of 
the present Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, and recommend to Congress future 
appropriations for the work. Y'ou have heard the report already made that there 
has been only about $400,000 expended, in comparison with the work which has 
been done elsewhere. I am very sure that every man who sees this will realize that 
the United States has received 110 cents for every dollar that has been expended, and it 
seems to me that it would be altogether inaj^proi^riate for us to adjourn without com- 
mending in some way the work of this Commission, and recommending to our 
Representatives in Congress the care of this battlefield. I therefore move you, sir, 
the following resolution: 

Resolved, That this society, the members of which have viewed with sincere 
pleasure the work of our battlefield commission, earnestly recommends to Congress 
the continued care and extension of the work of the Commission on this field. 

The resolution was cheered and adopted. 
******* 

John R. Brooke, Prc.sidatt. 
H. C. King, Secretary. 



90 (;KT'rvsMrH(i national militaky park commission. 

At a rojriilar t'lnaiiiinueiit of V. S. (iraiit Post, No. 'A-7, Ik-partiin-nt of New York. 
(iraiKl Aniiy of the Ki'i>iil)lic, In-ltl at it8 (|narter.s in Brooklyn, X. Y., on tlie I'stli ; 
(lav of ()itoi)er, VM2, tlie follow iii<r resolutions were unanimously adopti'tl, the mlju- \ 
taiit hein*: instructed to transmit iluly authentieated copies of the same to the Secru- ; 
tary of War, the Tresident of the Seniite, the Speaker of the House, and the chairman 
of tlie Cettysllur'; National Park Commission: 

Whereas inanv comrades of this i)ost have visited tiie battlelield of (Jettysburg: 
liave driven over the beautiful avemu's wtiich follow the undulatin;; lines of l)attle oi 
the contending: armies, and observed the substantial and permanent character of the 
roadways, brid<;es, fences, retainini.' walls, and ol)servation towers; have noti'<l ho\i 
carefullv the nanu'sof historic points on the field have ])een retainetl, the natural an<i 
artilicinl breastworks restored, and the j.'round, forests, roads, and stream.>^ jireserved 
sulwtJintiallv as they existed at the time of the l)attle; have seen the appropriate!} 
inscribed iron taliU-ts marking' and recording' the ])ositions, formations, and move 
mentsof infantry, artillery, and cavalry commands — Union and Confederate — durin<:. 
preceding', and after the liattle; have admired the bron/e statues of renowned ollicer^ 
whose familiar names became household words on the<lav of ( iettysbur^r; have looked i 
with pride upon the hun<beds of monuments of stone and of jrranite patrioticallyl 
erectetl to conunt-niorate re^dmental valor and prowess — althou^di noting:, with re<rret, ' 
the absence of reirular army monuments — ami, as veteran soldiers of the civil war, 
liave contemi>laled with surprise and deliLdit the character, scoi)e, and extent of tin 
work so comprehensivi'ly undertaken an(i inteiii^^ently jK-rfornu-d liy the ( Jettysl)urL 
National I'ark Commission, mider whose hands (iettysi)urg lias alrea<ly become tlu 
Ix'st i)lotted and marke<l of all battle ".'rounds; therefore, 

/»','.>»<//•,//, That r. S. <irant Post, No. :W7, Department of New York, (iraml Army 
of the Rejiublic, unreservedly approves the patriotic purpose of the National (io\- 
ernment suitably and adetpiately to pre.serve the l)attle ground of Gettysburg as :i 
National Park; 

That \\«' |>articularly and s|)ecially praise the skillful and faithful work of Col. 
John P. Nicholson, Maj. William M. Kobbins, and .Maj. Charles \. Kichanlson, tin 
members of the Comnn.«sion, through whom the successful realization of the i>ur- 
pose of the (iovernment is being so thoroughly carried out; 

That fully appreciating the splendid results already achieve<l, but realizing that 
• nnich still remains to be accomplished before this noble ])roject will be completed, 
this |>ost earnestly expre.«si'S the hojie that the Conunission may continue to receive 
the liberal sujiport of Congre.<s, to the eml that its work, when liually completed, 
mav be a fitting and enduring memorial of the patriotism and valor of the American 
soldier. 

[sE.vi,.] Augustus C. T.\te, 

Cbmmanilcr. 

Attest: 

Pun. II' S. Cl.AKK, Ailjllhnil. 



Lnii/lli of iirmiii's on flir (ii'tli/sliiiri/ liolllrfield. 

Fi-c't 

Howard avemie from llarrisburg road to Mummasbnrg road 5, 75i 

Reynolds avi'inie from 15uford avt'iuie to Hagei"stown road 5, 25( 

P.ufonl avenue from Mummasbnrg road to lieynolds avemie .!, 41!' 

Seminary avenue from Chand>ersburg jiike to Hagerstown road 2, oOt 

Slocuin avenue from Baltimore pike to Spangler's spring I'^'M'- 

Vms\ Confederate avenue from ( iettysburg to Spangler's spring ,. ill 

Hancock avenue from Taneytown road to I'niied States avemie 7,M'.' 

Meade avenue from Taneytown roa<l to Hancock avenue 5»a(i 

I'leasotiton avenue from Taneytown rr)ail to Hancock avenue 1, f)!*) 

I'nited States avenue from Hancock avenue to Ijmnitsburg road 4, XTiV 

S«'dtfwick aveiuie from Cniled States avenue to WheatlieM road 2, S4I 

Svke.s avenue from Wheatlield mad to Pound Top 2, !»li7 

U'riirht avenue from Chamberlain avt-mie to Taneytown road 3, 00(i 

Crawford av«-mie from Hevil's Hen to WheatlieM road .3, .\^(» 

Sick !«•.•< avenue from Devil's Den to Knimitsburg mad (i, ."il."i 

Wt-st ( 'onfederate avenue from Hagerstown mad to Wheatfield matl 10, 47(i 

Section!, West ( 'on federate avenue from Wheatlield road to Kmmit-'jl)urg road. 3, 70(i 

Si-ctioii r>. West Confederate avenue from I'jnmitsbiirg road to section ti 2, 47ti 

.S-ction <i. West ( 'onfeilerate avenue fmm section 5 to st-ction 7 I, S4() 

Section 7. \\\>\ ( 'onfe<lerate avenue fmm section 7 to section S 2, S'lO 

Sftion N, We-t Confederate avenue from section 7 to Sykes avenue 1,(>17 

Warren avenue from iSykes avenue to Crawford avenue 1, 'inti 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 91 

P'eet. 

Chainbeiiaiu avenue from Sykes avenue 80utherly to Sykes 1, 050 

St( iiic avenue from t'hambersburg j)ike to Reynolds woods 900 

]\Ieredith avenue fi'om Reynolds Avoods to Reynolds avenue 1, 950 

AVadsworth avenue fi'om 1 )(>ul)k'day avenue to Reynolds avenue 900 

Doubleday avenue from ]\Iummasl)urg road to Wadsworth avenue 2, 150 

Robinson avenue from jNIummasburg road to Doul)leday avenue 950 

Wheatfield avenue from Excelsior field to Wheatfield woods 1, 100 

Reynolds Branch avenue in Reynolds woods 492 

Geary avenue from Slocum avenue to Sjiangler's siiring 2, 036 

Total 99, 376 

Or 18.825 miles. 

Lid of p}iofogr>i]:)}i>^ to accoyiipany report of Gctti/diarg N(ttio)utl Pdrk (Jommimaii, 1003. 

1. Buford avenue, looking south. 

2. Stone avenue, from Reynolds Grove. 

3. Meredith avenue, looking south. 

4. Paved gutters on West Confederate avenue. 

5. Poague's howitzers and earthworks. West Confederate avenue. 

6. Itinerary tablets, Army of Northern Virginia, West Confederate avenue. 

7. Storage building, Pleasonton avenue. 

8. Statue to ]Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum, Stevens Knoll, looking southwest. 

9. Statue to Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum, looking east. 

10. Building between the Round Tops. 

11. Infantry tablet, Army of Northern AMrginia, AVest Confederate avenue. 

12. New fencing on Howard avenue. 

13. New fencing on Slocum avenue. 

14. New fencing on Gregg avenue. 

15. New fencing on Gregg avenue. 

16. One hundred and fourteenth Pennsylvania marker, Hancock avenue. 

17. View of completed bridge over Plum Run, looking north. 

18. View of completed bridge over Plum Run, looking south. 

Blueprints accompanying the report of the (u'ltgslnirg Xational Park Comniitinioii of 1903. 

No. 477. Tract of land belonging to Robert Sheads. 

No. 478. Tract of land 1:)elonging to J. S. Forney. 

No. 479. Tract of land conveyed by heirs of Amos Leister. 

No. 480. Tract of woodland conveyed by Benjamin F. Redding. 

No. 481. Tract of land belonging to William A. Hiuies and J. E. ('. Miller in Mount 

Pleasant Township. 
No. 482. Tract of land Ijelonging to William A. Himes and J. E. C. Miller in Mount 

Pleasant Township. 
No. 483. Retaining wall on Stone avenue. 
No. 484. Storage building and j^lan for cannon jilatfoi'm. 
No. 485. Springs road from Seminar}' avenue to Wiiloughby Run. 
No. 486. Military map showing the ojierations of the Union and Confederate armies 

from Fredericksburg, A'a., to Harrislturg, Pa., 1861 to 1865. 
No. 487. Stadia rod. 

No. 488. Profile of railroad cut at crossing of Reynolds avenue. 
No. 489. Plan of Wright avenue from Chamberlain avenue to Taneytown road. 
No. 490. Drawings accompanying apj^lication for space within War r)ei)artment 

exhibit at the St. Louis Exhibition, 1904. 
No. 491. Plan for floor space in four compartments in the War Department exhibit 

at the St. Louis Exposition. One of the com])artments, 20 l)y 25 feet — 500 

square feet — to be set apart for the use of the Gettysburg National Park 

Commission. 

Lid of tablets on the battlefield ejf Getti/shurg marking orga:)iizatio)is of (he Union Army. 

B.ITTERY TABLETS. 

Wilkinson; Kinsey; Kinsey, second section; Rugg; Taft; Taft, second section; 
Stewart; Dilger; Bancroft; Eakin; Edgell; Butler; Woodruff; Martin; Gushing; 
Wier; Thomas; Hazlett; Turnbull; Seeley; Williston; Heaton; Calef; Penning- 
ton; Randol; Graham; Elder; Watson; Calef, second section; Smith, second 
section 30 



\)2 (iETTYSIU'KCi NATIONAL MILITAKV PARK ("OMMISSEOJS^. 

INITKI) STATKS CAVAI.liY TAHLETS. 

Fil■^^t, y»V(tnil. Kiltli. an<l Sixtli Cavalry 

IMTKI) STATES INI ANTKY TAHI.ETS. 

Sivoii'l. Thinl, Fourth, Sixtli, Seventh, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Fourteenth, 
and Seventeenth Infantry '" 

ITINEKAJJV TAItLEn-S Ol' .MOVEMENTS Ol' THE AKMV OE THE I'OTOMAC. 

On Fast (,'eineterv Hill, (iettv^hnr^' liattlelii-l<l 9 

At Two Tav.'rns. I'a 2 

At l.iltUstown, I'a }^ 

At llanovtr. I'a '~ 

A I Man.hester. M.l - 

At Westminster, M<1 ^ 

At riiiontown, M<1 | 

At M i.l.llel.ur;,', M.l .', 

At Tanevtown, M'l - 

At Fairli.l.l, I'a \ 

At Fiiiinitsltnr^, Md - 

At Ilnnterstown, I'a ' 

DISTANtE AND DIKEt.TIoN TABLETS. 

On roads radiating' fniin < iettyshur-r '- 

Total : ^- 

LiM oflithhtg OH the f>(iltlcli,hl vj (IfHiixhnnj marhiinj or<j(tni:ati(>ns of the Army of 

Norllurn Viryiiiia. 

HUicADK TAin.Frrs. 

On Fast Confederate avenue: Hays, (Jordon, Hoke, Jones, NiehoIlH, O'Neal, 
Haniel, Steuart, Walker, Smith.". 10 

On WestConfederate avenue: MciJowan, Thomas, Hroekenhrouph, Lane, Davis, 
Mahone, Si-ales, I'etti^^rew, I'osi-y, Archer, Wrijrht, Garnett, Armistead, 
Kemper, Terry, Wilcox, Wofford, Barksdale l>i 

ARTII.LEKV HATTAI.IOX TABLETS. 

On West Confederate avenue: Dance, Mcintosh, (iarnett, Pe^'ram. Lane, 
I'oague, Dearin<jr, Fshlenian. Alexander, Cal)cli, Henry 11 

HA ITKKV TAHI.ETS. 

Smith, Cunningliam, .Tohnson, Hurt, Rice, Wallace, Watson, Grillin. Maurin, 
Lewis, Moore, (irandy, IJrander, McGraw, Zinmierman, Crenshaw, Marye, 
lioss, Wiiijrlielrl, (iraham, Wyatt, Urooke, Ward, Patterson, Blount, Macon, 
Ca.«kie, Strihlinjr, Noicum, Richardson, S(|uires, Miller, Rhett, Moody, Tay- 
lor, Parker, .Ionian, Woolfolk, Carlton I lirst section). Manly, Carlton (.second 
Hection), McCarthy, Frazer, Latham, Baehman. (iardeii, Reilly 47 

loNKEPEKATE AKMV DIVISION TAHLhrTS. 

At Blaek Horj»e Tav.rii 1 

On Seminary avenue I 

ITINERA KV TAIU.irrs. 

On Confederate ;i\. i,u. : .Iinie L'tl, 27, L'S, 2!t, :{(»; .Iiily 1, '_', :{, 4, ."i lU 

Total... <ijs 



ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1904 



16175—05 7 93 



ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 
COMMISSION TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR, 1904. 



War Department, 
Gettysburg National Parr Commission, 

Getty sljurg, Pa., July W, 190 li. 
Sir: The Comissioners of the Gettysburg- National Park respectfully 
submit the following report of the progress of their work for the tiscal 
year ending fFuneSO, 1904, with suggestions for its further prosecution 
and completion: 

military avenues. 

Wright avenue, which runs from the southern base of Little Round 
Top around the eastern slope of Round Top and thence to the Taney- 
town road, has been completed. It follows the line and marks the 
position of the troops to which was assigned the duty of guarding 
the southern or left flank of the Union Army. It is constructed, as 
are all the avenues on this battlefield, upon the Telford system, with 
its l)ase 14 or 15 inches thick, formed of paving stone, broken stone, 
and screenings, thoroug-hly rolled with a 14-ton roller, and well drainea 
on each side. It is 1,000 yards in length and 16 feet wide. Part of it 
is located upon land recently purchased for the United States by the 
Commission, so as to secure a suitable grade. 

Meredith avenue, which runs southward through Reynolds woods 
and then eastward along the border of said woods to Reynolds avenue, 
was completed last j^ear to the southern border of said woods; but, a 
dispute arising as to the title of the land on which the last-mentioned 
section of the avenue lies, the work on it was suspended. This dispute, 
however, has been recently settled by condemnation proceedings and 
the contractor has resumed work on that section of the avenue, which 
will be satisfactoril}" completed soon. 

A survey has been made by the eng-ineer of a suitable route for an 
avenue from the infantry Imttletield to the cavalry tield, ^1\ miles north- 
eastward from the town. The route surveyed is upon good ground 
and the grades light; and also we have learned from the owners of 
some of the lands the prices to be paid. We estimate that the total 
cost of a strip of land 50 feet wide, suitable for such avenue, will be 
about $2,700. 

The cavalry tield, disconnected as it is from that of the infantry and 
artillery, can only be reached now from Gettysburg by a circuitous 
route of about 4 miles over hilly and rough roads. For this reason 
it is but little known and rarely visited though much labor and money 
have been spent by several States and by cavalry organizations, through 
the memorial association, for the purchase of land and erection of mon- 
uments thereon, and also a large amount of work has been done there 

95 



^0, (JKITVSMrKi; NATIONAL MIMTAKV I'AKK COMMISSION. 



'I 



and inoiu'V cxpciidcd l>y tlif I'liitod St;itt'>. tlirouuli the Paik Commis, 
sit/ii for luirchiisi' of land, hiyinu' out and maintenance' of a\oniU'.s and 
care of the lield in oiMicial. 

TliP total kMijrtli of avenues coinplcti'd l)y the Coinmission is about 
!>(» miles. t)f wliicli Hi miles are 20 to '25 feet wide and about 4 nuli's 
are It! tVet w iile. The principal reason for makinji: these narrower 
than tlu' avera<i-e, as for instanee Slorum avenue over and aloni"- Culp's 
Ilill, was that7hey were steep and winding- and to widen them would 
srriouslv martjje i'aee of the orouiul which the Commission have taken 
irreat care to preserve as nearly as possil)le as it was at the time of 
riie I Kittle. 

ACgllSITION OK LANDS. 

The followin*'' lands lia\'e l)een [)ui( lia^ed this year: 

'^ " Atres. 

Tanvl el IuikI covered with forest aii<l situate alon^'side of West Confederate 

avenue, juirehased fmiii Mrs. Sarali I'lantc 24. nO 

I'anel from Calvin Krist- on Little Konnd Top H. Iti 

I'anel from (M'iir<.'e Trestle near the wiieat Held -. 2" 

I'arccI from Mclchior Wolfoneavalrv tit-Id T^ 

I'areel from Newton Tawney on cavalry lieM H7 

Making in ail diirin;: this year 81. os 

The twi> >mall parcels purchased from Messrs. Wolf and Tawney on 
the ca\alry li»dd were reiiuiivd for the completion of needed avenues. 

Area of lands nt)W owned her«> on tlu' batthdield l)y the Government 
is I.:)St».;«:;4s acres, or about 2,'; siiuare miles. 

There are now under condemnation pioi-eedinos four tracts or parcels 
•of land bclonoiiit^ to the (lettysbufo- Sprino^sand Hotel Company, rep- 
• resented by the recei\ers, containino- ;^>ti.."i(j acres. 

There is also a parcel of land belonoino- to the McAllister heir.s, sit- 
uate on Kock Creek east of Culp'sIIill, which has already been bar- 
jrained for and a price aji-reed on. but by reason of some peculiarities 
in the ownership we will have to cro into court to get valid title. 
Area, <j.5«'> acres. 

MONUirENTAL AND OTlIKIi WORKS. 

I''de\'en additional o;un carriao-es have l>een ordered to ))e set up and 
mounte<l with oinis on the cavalry ti(dd, viz: 

Two mounted with lt»-))ounder Parrotts. maikino- the position of 
Creen's battery, **The Louisiana (Juard Artillery." 

Two mounted with ;'-inch rilles, maikino- the ])osition of Hreatlied's 
\'i!o'inia b-attery. 

Two mounted with Napoleons and two with ;i-inch rilles bi'ltmoino 
to and maikino- the position of Mc(ire«^or's \'ir*^inia battery. 

Two mounted with howitzers and markino' the position of Thoma^ 
K. .laekson's \'iiyinia battery. 

( )ne moiint<'(l with a 3-ineh rilleaml markino- (with a o"un previously 
located) the i)osi(ion of I*ennino-ton"s I'nion battery, on ( 'a\ iilrv avenue 
north of the Hanover road. 

The number of o-uns n<»w mounted on the batt lelield, ineludino- these, 
is ;{22. 

A moniunetilal luonze tat)let has been erected on Seetion \. Con- 
federate a\einie. I mile west of Hound 'I'oj). at the place where the 
Fourth Alabama Infantry Ke«,Mmeiit, of Hood's division, formed line 



GETTYSBTTRG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 97 

[:. mile west of Round Rop and started with the other regiments of the 
:')rigade in the charge upon the Union position on Little Round Top, 
ind an inscription cast on the tablet in raised letters states the move- 
fnents, services, and losses of the regiment in the l)attle. 
' Four guide tablets have been set up on Wright avenue, four on 
Meredith and Stone avenues, one on Sykes avenue, and one at the 
Plank woods, making a total of 401 metallic tablets now on the field. 

Twelve thousand feet of pipe fencing has been erected this year, 
.Halving in all over 13 miles of the same now on the field. 

Twenty thousand one hundi'ed and eighty feet of post fencing has 
this 3"ear been erected, making now over 11 miles thereof on the held. 

One thousand five hundred and thirty feet of stone walls have been 
rebuilt and restored during the year, which, together with those 
previously restored, make now on the battlefield 25,507 feet, or over 
If miles, of stone walls as originally on the field. 

Sixty-seven thousand seven hundred and eighty-six feet, or about 
12f miles, of gutter paving has been done alongside of the Telford 
ivenues, most of it this year, in the best and most durable style, to 
prevent damage to the avenues from rainstorms and floods, and these 
[inely paved gutters have proved to be most efiective and successful in 
iccomplishing that purpose and protecting the ))attlefield in general 
from injury by the heavy rains which are not uncommon here. 

GUARDS AND LABORERS. 

Five guards are employed on the field, as has been the case since the 
Srst esta})lishment of the park, and they are very necessary and useful 
in preventing injuries to the public work and mutilation of the monu- 
iients by mischievous visitors and foolish relic hunters. They are each 
fequired to file a written report every evening, so that needful orders 
tiiay be given and everything on the field properly cared for. 

From about the middle of March to the middle of December 36 
laborers are employed and on duty for eight hours on each week day, 
busy in all the various kind.s of work required, and 2 two-horse teams 
md 4 one-horse carts are on duty doing the needed hauling of stone, 
jcreenings, earth, lumber, etc., as required. The workmen are 
required to keep everything about their work in such shape that the 
ield shall alwa3\s appear as nearly as possible neat and finished, while 
n fact there is always a large amount of important work in progress. 

TREES PLANTED. 

A map was prepared by Lieut. Col. E. B. Cope, engineer, showing 
he parts of the field which have been partly or wholl}' denuded of 
;rees since the battle, forty-one years ago, and plans were prepared 
;o reforest those portions which have been purchased and now belong 
;o the United States; and this, in fact, very nearly covers all the land 
)n the battlefield which was wooded then and cleared since. 

One thousand trees were planted in the autumn of 1893, in the 
proves of the national park, where the forest had Ijeen thinned out and 
narred by cutting and carrj^ng awa}^ part of the growth. 

Eighty-one lumdred trees were purchased and received in the months 
)f April and May, 1904, and these were planted by the laborers of the 
Jommission under the supervision of S. B. Detwiler, field assistant. 
United States Bureau of Forestry. Thej^ were planted on Seminary 



9S (iKTTVSHl'KCi NATIONAL MILirAUV I'AKK COMMISSION. 

Ki(l»i>'. on riiitod St;itrs hiiul south of the McMilliiii woods, and south- 
erlv aloiio- the border of West Confederate avt'iuie to the \Vheattield 
roiid. a distaiK'e of nearly 2 miles; and tlie residue on the Masonht'inier 
land, south of Ur.ited States avenue. Since the phmting of the afore- 
said trees the season has l)een in the main favorable and nearly all of 
them seem to be lirowini^-. 

KXHIHIT AT THE ST. LOUIS KXTOSITIO!;. 

This exhil)it was prepared I»y cider of Seeretary of "War Root. It 
was eompleted and shii)])ed to St. Louis in Ai)ril. 1904. and installctl 
in the exeellent position allotted to the Connnission. Tiie floor spac e 
a>>i^-ned is 1() Ity "20 feet, and the wall s})aee 3<)<» s(p>are feet. Our 
e.\hil)it I'onsists of the followinj^- works, rotten up with care ])v (nir 
I'liirinecr. C'ol. K. H. ('oj)*'. and his assistants, viz: 

I. A relief map 14 feet Ion*;- by lt».^ fe(>t wide, and represent ino- 24 
s(|uare miles, or sut>stantially the entii-e baltlelield, with all its features 
of hill and valley, tield and forest, loads, buiklinos, streams, t)ridi'es — 
everythinji' in faet as it existed at the date of the battle, and executed 
with such skill and accuracy that «>veryone who saw it in (iettysburj^ 
\va> tilled with admiration. It was shipi)ed to St. Louis and put in 
position with ^reat care, fortunately without injury. 

'2. 'l\vo taldi's. each .") feet lon<i- by '4 feet wide and co\ered with 
lare-e volumes of blueprints, showiniif a eivat number and \ariety of 
ol>je<ts anil scenes on t he battlelield. anioiiijf them the chari^e of Pickett 
and Pettierew. and many other episodes and features of the ^reat 
battle. (The al)ov(^ are placed on the tloor space.) 

• 8. A framed blueprint map of the battlelield, 4o by 4s inches in 
diiiKMisions. completed in l!>oo. 

4. A framed bluei)rint mai) of the battlelield. ',\s l»y ,");; inches, made 
in L!Mi8. 

5. Five framed white j)iint> of the battlelield, as it was in 1SH8, 
showine- the j)ositions of the troo|)s of l)()th armies on the ditferent 
days of the t)atth'. The s«-ale of these white ])rints is {\iHi feet to the 
inch. 

♦ I. A franu'd map on \\ batman paper. 14 l)y .')0 inches, tlie sur\eys 
for which were made by order of (ieneral Meade in Au^^ust. September, 
and Octol)er, 18«I8, when the tield was in the contlition caused l)y the 
then recent battle. The work was done by a party of to|)oefraphical 
enj^ineers from head(|uarters. Ai'uiy of the Potomac, and under the 
suj)er\ ision of Colonel Cope. 

7. A framed print showine- the positions of monuments, markers, 
batt<'ries, etc.. on this Held, as lixed l)y Colonel Cojx', engineer of the 
Commission, and his assistants. 

S. A framed maj) of th«> battleliehl of Anlietani, a- made frmn sur- 
veys by Cok)iM'l Coi)e and his assistants. 

'.>. A \ cry lar»;e [)hoto«^raph, showine- almost the whole of the battle- 
lield of ( iettysburj;, taken from the sunmiit of LittK> Round Top. 

lo. Forty-six larj.'-e frame photoe-raphs. wivine- views of all parts of 
tin' batth'lield and showin;.»- nmchof the work done 1)V the Commission. 

\Is||i»|;s |() |i||.; iiKi.i,. 

Multitudes of our countrymen from all sections come here, and 
many per.son.s of distinction ha\e \ i-ited (he (iettvsburi,'- Itattlelield 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 99 

during- the past year, amono- thoin Theodore Koosevelt, President of 
the United States; Hon. Robert Shaw Oliver, Assistant Secretary of 
War; Lieut, (jen. Ian Hamilton, quartermaster-oeneral of the British 
army, and A. K. jNIuir, baronet; H. M. Durand, British ambassador, 
and Hubert Foster, lieutenant-colonel Ko3'al Engineers; George B. 
Davis, Judge-Advocate-General, U. S. Arm}^; Wallace F. Randolph, 
major-general, U. S. Arn\y; Brig. Gen. John C. Black, commander in 
chief, Grand Army of the Republic; Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard; Hon. 
Leslie M. Shaw, Secretary of the Treasury; Hon. Henr}^ C. Payne, 
Postmaster-General, and many others. We are glad to say that all 
these distinguished persons spoke in the most complimentary terms of 
the work done by the Commission. 

CONCLUSION. 

There are a few important, though not large parcels of laud mainly 
on the Confederate portion of the battlefield, which should yet be 
acquired, and monumental tablets erected thereon with inscriptions, and 
guns mounted to mark the positions of batteries; and some short ave- 
nues constructed leading to important points; and when these things 
are done, in addition to the great and enduring work which has already 
been finished, w^e think the object of the Government in establishing- 
the Gettysburg National Park will have been substantially accom- 
plished. It will be observed from what is stated in this, as well as in 
previous annual reports, that we have in general thought the instruc- 
tions issued to the Commission were wise, to purchase from time to 
time but small parcels of land instead of larg-e tracts; for the important 
events of the great battle could be commemorated by monuments 
occupying- but a comparatively small space, and the needless purchase 
of g-reat areas would not only cost heavily, but would entail a contin- 
uous useless expense to maintain them, although vacant, in a condition 
becoming the Government. In our opinion the acquisition of any 
further extensive tracts of land here by the United States would be a 
waste of public funds, and we think one more liberal appropriation b}- 
Congress, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906, will enable the 
Commission to complete the Gettysburg National Park in a manner 
worth}^ of the Governuient and satisfactory to every section of the 
country; and when it is complete only a modest amount will be required 
to maintain it and to employ sufficient guards to protect a public prop- 
erty now aggregating in value millions of dollars. 

Through correspondence the addresses of over 500 survivors of the 
United States regular commands have been secured and their state- 
ments regarding- the positions of the regular regiments and batteries 
are being noted. By a clerical omission Battery E, Fourth U. S. 
Artillery, was omitted in the act. This was rectified by the Senate 
unanimously passing a special appropriation for the monument, which 
is now in the House of Representatives. When this becomes a law 
the monuments will be contracted for by advertisement. 

As long as the survivors' associations of the war of 1 861-1865 continue 
there will be erected upon the battlefield at Gettysburg- costly and 
elaborate memorials, the interest in the field increasing through' the 
work of the Government. 

The State of Pennsylvania has appropriated $150,000, available in 
1905, to erect a monument to the soldiers upon the field. 



100 GETTYSm'RG NATIONAL MILITARY I'ARK COMMISSION. 

The State of New York is (M-octiiiii' a nioiimiHMit to tlic Oneida Com 
pany, Iiulepeiuleiit Caxalrv. at (ieiieral Meade's liea(l(|uaiters. and tiie 
C\)ininissi()n ai-e proeeedin*^" with the details to eicet tiie nionuiucnts to 
the regular eonuiiands, as authorized by Coiiiircss. 

We ask Cono-ress to oivc a lilx'ral appi'opriation at its next session 
for the completion of this ^^rcat monumental work with the fiscal 
year li»Oo-(i. 

Respectfully, John 1'. NiriioLSox, 

ClKi'-niKin. 
'\\y\. M. RoBBiNs, 

CiLAS. A. KlCIIAIIDSOX, 

CuiniHiiSisiOHcrti. 
The Secrktauy of War. 



LIST u|- lil.lKI'iaNTS TO ACCOMI'AXY ANNTAl, KEI'ORT, 1904. 

4i»2.— Tract of land on Cavalry Field, Newton A. Tawnev, July 27, 1903. 

49:i.—Trart of land, McAllisti'-r's Woods. 

4t»;U. — Two traii,>j, Nom. ."> and 4, Spring's and Hotel Company, August 12, 1908. 

494.— Tract of land, Henry A. Wolf, Cavalry Field, September 8, 1903. 

495. — New lodj^c, national cenieterv, .\n<:nst 24, I90;i 

496.— Tract of land, I'lank's Woodi^, Si'ptend)er 11, 1908. 

497. — Hattletield of Antietani, nlxjwinf; troop.s, September 11, 1908. 

49H. — Catch liasin, as used on (iettysbnrjr National Park, Septend)er 5, 1908. 

499. — (u'ttyHltur^r Sprinj^'s and Hotel Company, north of Ilagerstown njad. 

508. — Plan of table for relief maj). 

501 B. — Drawing, spaci- at St Lonis Exposition, 5rH1 feet. 

502.— Drawing. s|)aee at St. Lonis i:xi>(>sitioii, .S20 feet, Marcli 28, 1904. 

508. — Drawing for temporary exten.^ioii of rostrum, .May 17, 1904. 

5(J4.— Two tracts, Mrs. II. T". Schrivi-rand C. W. Ziegler, June 15, 1904. 

505.— One tract, C. \V. Ziegler, June 15, 1905. 

500. — One tract, (George F. Stock, June 15, 1904. 

507.— One tract, Henry (iilbraith. June 15, 1904. 

50S.— One tract. Dr. W. H. Deardorf, June 15, 1904. 

509.— One tract, Andrew Top|)er, June 15, 1904. 

510.— One tract, Lvdia Deatrick, June 15, 1904. 

511.— One tract, \V. C. Storrick, June 15, 1904. 

512.— One tract. VA. Trostle, June 15, 1904. 

518.— One tract, (ieorge Trostle, June 15, 1904. 

514.— Maj) of battlefield, GOO feet scale, 1908, June 15. 1904. 

LIST OK I'lionKJKAPns, 1904. 

1. — Wright avenue from Cliambi>rlain avenue. 

2. — Wright avemie showing wall breastworks. 

8. — Wright avenue lookili;: east. 

4. — Stone wall, brea.>^twork, l>oubleday avduie. 

5. — Stone wall, i)rea.>^twork, Taneytown road, (n-m-ral .Mea<le's heatl<|Uarters. 

•4. — Stone wall, Itreastwork. Taneytown road. 

7. — Stone wall, breastwork, Taneytown maiL storage building. 

S. — Fencing on Reynolds avenue, CaK«f's battery section. 

9. — Ciiitter paving on liuford avenue 
10. — Outter pavini: on I'nited States avemie. 
1 i. — (intter paving on Warren avemie. 
12. — Ontter pavinj; on Sickles avenue. 
18. — Retaining wall and gutter on Stone avenue. 
14.— (iradiriL' ea-t end .Meredith avennc 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION, 



101 



5 —Grading Meredith avenue looljing west. 

:6 —South Ime of Kumniel Woods from Ruimnel barn. 

Union infantrv line from right to lett. 
l(, -Tablet of Fourth Alabama Infantry Regunent, section, 5. 

xV Pqrdee Field from Geary avenue. i r^ \ > , iini 

■-pi^ee F e d from stone' wall, breastwork, on south spur ot Gulp s Hill. 
22.-Marker to Brig. Gen. Albion P. Howe's headquarters, 
otj"— Nineteenth Indiana monument. u „i- Pvo^v 

24 -Twentv-eighth Pennsvlvania Infantry marker, along Rock Creek. 
25! -Relief map of the battlefield of Gettysburg. 



ii 



INSPECTION REPORT, GETTYSBURG NATIONAL PARK. 



Headquarters Atlantic Division. 

Insi'ector-Cteneral's Office. 
Governors Island, JS\ Y., Decemher 9, 190 J^.. 
Sir: I have the honer to submit the following report of an inspec- 
tion of the details of the work as carried on by the Gettyshurii 
National Park Commission, in compliance with letter of instruction 
from the ^lilitary Secretary's Othce, dated November 7, 1904. 

Personnel of tin ' (ieftyshunj X(ttio)iiil Park Contmisiiion. 

Lieut. Col. John P. Nicholson, ('Iniirnian. 
Maj. William M. Robbixs. 
Maj. Charles A. Richardson. 

EMPLOYEES. 

Lieut. Col. E. B. Cope, chief engineer and superintendent, at $150 per month. 

One assistant engineer, at !?S0 per month. 

One rodman, at $50 per month. 

One assistant superintendent, at $50 per month. 

One storekeeper and timekeeper, at $50 per month. 

One messenger, at $35 per month. 

One hostler, at $30 per month. 

Five guards, at $40 per month each. 

Total monthly pay roll, $645. 

On the date of inspection, in addition to the above, there were 
employed 27 lal)orers at $1.50 per day; 8 carts, wath horse and driver, 
at §2.25 per day, and 2 teams, with driver, at $8.25 per day. The 
pav roll for this class of labor durino- the month of November, 1901:, 
was $1,367.92. 

MEANS OF transportation AND IMPLEMENTS. 

Three horses, 2 wagons, 1 cart, 1 steam roller, 1 horse roller, 2 bar 
mowers, 1 horse lawn mower, 1 water cart. 

BUILDINGS. 

One brick fireproof storehouse. 

OFFICE. 

The office of the Commission is located in the town of GettysDurg, 
for which a rental of $210 per year, including the water rent, is paid. 
The average cost of fuel is $24 per year; the average cost of lights, 
$30 per year. 

103 



104 GKTTYSnrRG NATIONAL MILITAJvY I'AKK COMMISSION. 

Tlic animals Ix-loiiuiiii:- to (lie Commission occupy a stat)le in the 
town, t'oi' which a I'ontal of >^;io \)or ycai' is ])ai(l. 

MOOKS AM) IIKCOKDS. 

Bch)iinini( to tlic Commission: 

I. .luunial: Kxtcmls fmiii June 1, ]Si».'5, to date, and includes 12 volumes of over 
5,000 pa^'ey, recordin}.' each day's transactions and nKH-tin^is ol' the Commission. 

'2. Contracts: Full detailsof the work. hSi).') to HK)4, hound sejiarately in 52 volume.s. 

',i. A vohune emliracinu' legislative history of the hattlelield from the or>,'aniy,ation 
of the (iettyshur^' Hattietield Memorial Association, including all legislation hy States 
and the National (iovi'rnment. 

4. .\iiiilications hy tin- Commi.ssion for authority for work and purchases, witl; tlie 
approval of the War Department, endiracinjr 12 (piarto volumes arranged l)y year. 

5. V(jlume containing the numlier of letters written daily, relating to the work 
since ISO.l 

U. \'olume containing copy of every Confederate and Union inscrij>tion iirejiariNl 
and i>lace<l on the licld hy the Commi.ssion since i81);i 

7. Two volumes, folio, containing a record of every j)lat or piece of ground trans- 
ferred to the United States, as recorded, with full-page draw ing of the property. 

8. Four volumes, ipiarto, showing the property ))urchased, accompanied by the 
agreement uf the owner to sell, authority from the Secretary of War to purchase, 
with i)lueprint description of the land. 

5(. Three folio volumes, containing applications from State connnissions and as.«ocia- 
tions of survivors to locate monuments and tablets since 180.3, witli the correspond- 
emt' relating to the loeation, designs, and inscrijitions, with final apiiroval of the 
Secretary of War. 

KnointM'i- Department: 

1. Journal: 7 volumes, July, 180;i, to December, 1904. 

2. OHice memoranila: 2 volumes, Julv, 180.'i, to December, 1904. 
:i. Contract book: 1 volume, July, bsit:',, to December, 1904. 

1. Cannon account: 1 volume, July, 189:1, to Decend)er, 1904. 

5. (Jeneral information: 1 volume, .Inly, 189:i, to December, 1904. 

(). Agreement of emjiloyees: 1 volunu', 189:5 to Decemi)er, 1904. 

7. Account book, employees: 1 volume, 1895 to December, 1904. 

8. .Account book, materials, etc.: 4 volumes, 189(5 to December, 1904. 

9. Record of j)osition of troops: 1 volume, July 1, 2, and :5, 18(j:i. 
10. .Applicants for position on force: 1 volume. 

II. l»rawings an<l tracings: 1 volume, from 189:5 t(j 1904. 
12. Hlueprints: 1 volume, 189:i to 1904. 

1:5. Hooks, :^0 by :!(> inches: 2 volumes, containing :^72 pages, with 542 blueprints. 

14. i?ook, .SO by .]() inches: 1 volume, ofKce copy Warren map, 24 sheets. 

15. Hook, ;W l)y :5t5 inches: 1 volume, engineers' survey of (Jettysburg battlelieM. 
1(5. Book, 21 by ;W inches: 1 volume, entrineers' survey, colored majts and prints. 

17. Hook: 1 volume, Warr«'n maj), position of troops t'ach half hour, July 1. 

18. Book: 1 volume, Warren maj), position of troops each half hour, July 2. 

19. Hook: 1 volume, Warren map, jtosition of tro(ii)s each half hour, July :5. 

20. Time book, kept l)y timekeeper. 

21. List of tools, kept by timekeeper. 

In addition to the :ibo\-(\ the ofHco contains hooKs aii<l pliotoora|»li< 
of cNcrv monmiKMit on the ticdd; views of all the dillcicnt work on the 
field; ])hotoofaphs of ini])oitant l>uildino> aiid historic places on the 
field at>oiit the time of tlic liattle. and folio books containino- copios of 
every l»lii('|)rint. 

The al)0\(' records arc very full and comi)lete. 1 do not see that tlie 
intfdliofent system followed could he improved upon. Nearly all i-ec- 
(H'ds are of o-reat historic \alue. and some means should he provided 
at an early dale ti> oimr-d lliem aoainst destruction l>\ liie. 

lU SINKSS MK/rilODS. 

The Coinmi^>ion does not dishur-e funds. The nion(\v a])])ropriated 
for the work done hv tiie Commission is disl)urse(l 1)\ the dishur>iin«- 



GETTYSBUKG NATIONAL MILITAKY PARK COMMISSION. 105 

officer of the ^Yav Department under the orders of the Secretary of 
War. The amount to the credit of the ap])ropriation on October 31, 
1904, was $46,U05.(!3. P]xcept in case of ver}' minor transactions, all 
l)urcha.ses are made after competitive bids are requested and the con- 
tract awarded. All bills are veritied and signed by the chief engi- 
neer and approved b}^ the chairman of the Commission. All the work 
on property included in the park is done by contract after competi- 
tion, except maintenance and general repairs to roads, fences, etc., and 
the construction of gutters. 

The supervision of labor and record of work done and time employed 
is excellent. 

GUARDS AND LABORERS. 

The guards, five in number, have the authority of deputy marshals, 
and are emplo} ed in the general police of the park to prevent injuries 
to the public work or the mutilation of the monuments, and are 
recjuired to submit each evening a report covering their observations 
and work done during the day, indicating what monuments or roads 
require repair or attention, also the number of articles, if any, which 
they have found on the field. The nmnber of laborers is reduced to 
the lowest mininmm from al)out the 26th of December ever}" year until 
about the middle of the following March. 

WORK DONE. 

Since July, 1893, there have been constructed 20 miles of telford 
avenues; 13i miles of avenue fencing, ])uilt of locust post and gas-pipe 
rails; 12^^ miles of fencing built of posts and rails; 13 miles of gutter 
paving. Five and one-fourth miles of stone walls have been rebuilt 
at locations where stone walls existed at the time of the battle. Three 
hundred and twenty-four guns have been mounted; ■1()2 tablets have 
been erected, and 17,100 trees have been planted. These trees are 
planted on ground that was covered with trees at the time of the battle. 
All this work has been well done. 

The roads have been constructed on the telford system; the road- 
bed, carefully graded and drained, was covered with a course of stone 
paved by hand, consisting of hard stone 8 to 10 inches long, 7 to 8 
inches wide, and 4 to (J inches thick; and bowlders about the same 
size, set up on edge, thickest edge down, length across the road, and 
laid so as to break joints as much as possible, forming a rough, irreg- 
idar pavement 8 inches thick over the whole roadbed, the joints 
between the stones being chinked and knapped with smaller stones and 
stone chips driven in, projecting points above 8 inches being knocked 
off with a hammer. 

A course of stones 12 inches high. 12 to 18 inches long, and *)to8 inches 
thick, is laid at the sides of the subgradc. This foundation is covered 
to a depth of 5 inches in the center and i inches at the sides with 
broken stone, l^-inch dimensions. This is rolled by a 13-ton roller 
at least five times after being sprinkled. One-half inch of clay is then 
spread over this layer, which is then covered with 2 inches of granite 
screenings, three-fourths of an inch in size, which is sprinkled and 
rolled five times; finally, over this a half inch of fine limestone screen- 
ings is evenly spread over the entire surface, sprinkled and rolled at 
least ten times. 



IOC) (JKTTYSBURG NATIONAL MlLriAKV I'AKK COMMISSION. 

Sonic ot" these roads have heeii in use for ten yt'ars and ^how very 
little signs of wear; in fact, they are as crood as when first coniph^tcd. 
The avemti'e cost of these roads has l>een Hl)out 7'M cents per S(|uai"e 
vard. somethino- over >^s.tH)0 a mile. With i)ro])er care and niainte- 
iiance they will last indelinitely. The o;uttei"ini>- alon^" these roads, now 
beinij constructed under the supervision of the chief enoineer by day 
labor, is an improvement over that tirst put down by the conti'act 
svstem: it is of excellent (luality and should endure for a Ioul!' time. 

FAIJMINt; LAND. 

Within the limits of the park are twelve small farms. These farms 
are i-ented on a yearly lease to approved tenants under uniform lease.-i, 
which carefully uuai'd the interests of the pai'k by includin>;- pro- 
visions which rt'ipiire the improvement of the land. There is also a 
small frame buildinu-, leased to an old soldier, within the limits of the 
park. The revenue derived from these leases amounts to ^7l»'.» j)er 
aiuuuu. This money is. with the ai)pi"oval of the Seci'etary of \\ ar, 
disbursed for the l)etterment of the i)ark. 

KXrKNT OF r.VKK. 

The ( io\ cnuuent now ()wn< l..">si) acres of land on the battlelield. 
Thii"tv-six acres are now under condemnation pi'occedin»is ])efore the 
(•(UU'ts. In the oj)inion of the C'onnnission there still remain about 
IlMt acres of land that should be acipiired in order to preserve the 
inteuiity of theentin* battlefield. This land is indicated on the accom- 
l)»nyinu" map as described in the le<,»"end. In order to conne('-t the field 
where the ca\alrv action took })lace diii'inu" this memorable battle it is 
very desirable to accpiire a strip of land .')<> feet wide. The road has 
l»een surv«'yed. The piojjosed avenue is entirely j)racticable and can 
be ac(piired for about ^"i-Toit. Indei- the present airanaiMnent it is 
necessary for anyone desii-ino- to visit the cavalry field to tra\'el about 4 
miles over bad rotuls, aiifl for this reason it is i-arely visited l)y the 
numerous tIiron<is of peopl(> who i>() to the infantry tield. Hy tin- i)ro- 
posed route a distance of al)out liV miles would l)e saved. It is ear- 
nestly reconuuended that this ])roject be ai)])roved. The land to bo 
acijuired is maiidy on that portion of the tield occu]iie(l by the C'onfed- 
ei'ate army, on which wei-e stationed during" the battle boilies of troops 
and batteries of ai-tillcry. 

CONCLUSION. 

I thoroughly inspected the roads, avenues, and the paik generally, 
both on the infantry tield and on the cavalry liidd. The roads, 
fences, monuments, woodlands, and shrubl)«>ry are in good condition; 
the entire park, as observed, was well policml and friM* from rubbish 
and other disfiguring elements. The charactei* of the work d<>n<' 
and th<" general conditions showed a \cry intelligent and thorough 
system as to construction, cai'e, and maintenance. I hav(* nothing to 
suggest in the way of improv «'ments uj)on the methods and systems of 
the ( 'ommission. It appears to me that they ha\t' accomplished a 
great work, one of the principal feat uics being the cxt I'cnie care taken 
to ascei'tain the positions held l)y the various couunands participating 



GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK COMMISSION. 107 

mi the oreat Ixittle fought there. There can be no doul^t that the 
,ositions thus far marked are accurate and trustworthy 

An accurate topouraphical map of the entire held has been com- 
)leted under the direction of Colonel Cope, the chief engineer 

A list of blank forms used by the Commission, map of the held, map 

fehowino- the land o^vned and such land as it is proposed to acquire, 

reo-ulatTons for the goyernment of Gettysburg Park, and specihcations 

for roads, fences, and gun carriages, accompany this report. 

Very respectfully, 

' E. A. Garlington, 

Colonel^ Impector- General. 

The Assistant Secretary OF War,, 

Wmluiujton, D. L. 

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TOWER, CONFEDERATE AVENUE, SECTION 4. 



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TOWER AND KNAP'S BATTERY E, PENNSYLVANIA LIGHT ARTILLERY, SUMMIT OF 

gulp's HILL. 



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MARKER ERECTED WHERE MAJ. GEN. D. E. SICKLES WAS WOUNDED. 




STATUE TO JOHN BURNS ON STONE AVENUE. 





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STATUE TO MAJ. GEN. H. W. SLOCUM, STEVENS KNOLL, LOOKING EAST, 




ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA MARKER, HANCOCK AVENUE. 



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TWENTY-EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA INFANTR 



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Y MARKER, ALONG ROCK CREEK. 




NINETEENTH INDIANA MONUMENT, MEREDITH AVENUE 



RD- 107 





RELIEF MAP OF THE BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG. 



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